LOT: 176 various unsorted world coins, mainly from the period 1900-1980.
Mainly in base metal, but also a few silver.
Various qualities. Sold as is. No returns.
SURPRISE LOT. NO PHOTOS AVAILABLE !

weight 20,46gr. ; orichalcum Ø 32mm.

obv. Hexastyle temple of Concordia with flanking wings; Concordia
seated inside, holding patera and cornucopiae; Hercules and Mercury
stand on podia; Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Victories and other figures
above pediment.
rev. Large S C surrounded by the legend; TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F
AVGVST P M TR POT XXXIIX

This temple, at the northern end of the Forum, was restored by Tiberius during the reign of Augustus and rededicated in 10 AD. The building housed many antique statues, hence its elaborately decorated representation on this coin type.

Cohen 70 ; RIC 67 ; BMC 133 ; Sear 1766  R
Struck with some weaknesses and light corroded surfaces. Rare.
f/vf

weight 26,36gr. ; orichalcum Ø 35mm.

obv. Bare head of Nero Claudius Drusus left, surrounded by the legend;
NERO CLAVDIVS DRVSVS GERMANICVS IMP
rev. Claudius, bare-headed and togate, seated left on curule chair,
holding branch in his right hand and resting his left on his lap; around
the chair, spears, shields, cuirass, and a helmet, S C below, surrounded
by the legend; TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P

Nero Claudius Drusus was the stepson of Augustus and the younger
brother of Tiberius: he was the father of Claudius and Germanicus,
and the grandfather of Caligula.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus was born 38 BC, shortly after the divorce of his mother, Livia Drusilla, from Tiberius Claudius Nero; she immediately married Octavian (later Augustus), who was suspected of being Drusus′ real father. Like his brother, Drusus was allowed to seek office five years before the legally specified age. He became praetor (magistrate) in 11 and consul in 9. With Tiberius he fought against two Alpine tribes (the Raeti and Vindelici), and in 13 he was made governor of the three Gauls. In this office he carried out an important census and erected the altar of Augustus at Lugdunum (now Lyon).

In 12–9 BC he led expeditions into Germany, establishing bases, first at Vetera (at the junction of the Lippe and Rhine rivers) and then at Mogontiacum (now Mainz). The Frisii, Chauci, Cherusci, and Chatti tribes were subdued, and a canal, the Fossa Drusiana, was dug from the Rhine to the North Sea. In the year 9, Drusus reached the Elbe River, but he was thrown from his horse and died of the injuries 30 days later. He was posthumously given the cognomen Germanicus. Drusus′ conquests were extensive, but most were lost when Arminius defeated Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9). It was believed that Drusus desired the restoration of the Republic, and his eldest son, Germanicus, was a popular favourite. Drusus had married, about 16 BC, the younger Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia. Their surviving children, besides Germanicus, were Livilla and Claudius, who later became emperor.

Cohen 8 ; RIC 109 ; BMC 208 ; Sear 1897 R
Light corroded surfaces. Rare.
f/vf

gewicht 3,01gr. ; koper Ø 21mm.
muntmeester Otto Buck
muntteken roos

vz. Gekroond provinciewapen van Holland
kz. VOC monogram, daarboven • ❀ • , eronder 1748

De Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (V.O.C.) was de eerste multinational ter wereld. Haar kapitaal werd bijeengebracht door de uitgifte van aandelen. De financiering was vooral mogelijk door de succevolle Oostzeehandel. Die handel bestond vooral uit bulkgoederen zoals graan, hout, pek en teer. De Oostzeehandel was in de 17e eeuw fundamenteel belangrijker voor het voortbestaan en de basiswelvaart van de Republiek dan de VOC. Waar de VOC zorgde voor luxe-inkomsten en prestige, vormde de Oostzeehandel (de ′moedernegotie′) de absolute levensader die de Republiek in staat stelde om te groeien en bloeien. Het was dan ook vooral de Oostzeehandel die bijdroeg aan de ′Gouden Eeuw′ (17e eeuw) en welvaart van de Republiek. De handel op Azië (Indonesië, India, Japan) in luxeproducten zoals specerijen, zijde en porselein was weliswaar lucratiever, maar ook veel risicovoller.

Hoewel de VOC internationaal de aandacht trok als ′s werelds eerste multinational en de winsten soms spectaculair waren, ging het om een relatief klein volume vergeleken met de massale bulkhandel in het Oostzeegebied. De VOC was vooral belangrijk voor het opbouwen van kapitaal en politieke macht op wereldniveau, maar zonder de Oostzeehandel had de Republiek niet de basisbehoeften gehad om deze overzeese expansie te kunnen financieren. De operationele vloot van de VOC zelf bestond doorgaans uit zo′n 100 tot 150 schepen gelijktijdig. In de piek van de Gouden Eeuw (1660-1670) bestond de gehele Nederlandse koopvaardijvloot uit zo′n 2.600 zeegaande schepen, waarvan het leeuwendeel direct of indirect aan de Oostzeehandel was verbonden. Dit verschil in scheepsvolume zet de verhouding tussen de VOC-handel en de Oostzeehandel goed in perspectief. Daar waar de VOC-handel zo′n 5 tot 10% bijdroeg aan de economie (BBP) van de Republiek, bedroeg dit voor de Oostzeehandel gemiddeld zo′n 40%. Historici beschouwden deze lucratieve handel in bulkgoederen (zoals graan en hout) als de ′moedernegotie′ (de ′moeder van alle handel′), omdat zij gold als de absolute kurk waarop de economie en welvaart van de Republiek dreef. In de loop van de 18e eeuw werd de VOC handel steeds meer verliesgevend en aan 1796 ging de onderneming failliet wegens enorme schulden (circa 120 tot 125 miljoen gulden).

The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was the world′s first multinational corporation. Its capital was raised through the issuance of shares. Financing was made possible primarily by the successful Baltic trade. This trade consisted mainly of bulk goods such as grain, timber, pitch, and tar. In the 17th century, the Baltic trade was fundamentally more important for the survival and basic prosperity of the Republic than the VOC. While the VOC provided luxury income and prestige, the Baltic trade (the ′mother trade′) formed the absolute lifeline that enabled the Republic to grow and flourish. It was, therefore, primarily the Baltic trade that contributed to the ′Golden Age′ (17th century) and prosperity of the Republic. Trade with Asia (Indonesia, India, Japan) in luxury products such as spices, silk, and porcelain was admittedly more lucrative, but also much riskier.

Although the VOC attracted international attention as the world′s first multinational corporation and profits were sometimes spectacular, it involved a relatively small volume compared to the massive bulk trade in the Baltic region. The VOC was primarily important for building capital and political power on a global level, but without the Baltic trade, the Republic would not have had the basic necessities to finance this overseas expansion. The VOC′s own operational fleet typically consisted of about 100 to 150 ships at a time. At the peak of the Golden Age (1660-1670), the entire Dutch merchant fleet consisted of about 2,600 seagoing vessels, the lion′s share of which was directly or indirectly connected to the Baltic trade. This difference in ship volume puts the relationship between VOC trade and Baltic trade clearly into perspective. Whereas VOC trade contributed about 5 to 10% to the Republic′s economy (GDP), the Baltic trade averaged about 40%. Historians regarded this lucrative trade in bulk goods (such as grain and timber) as the ′mother trade′ (the ′mother of all trade′), because it was considered the absolute foundation upon which the economy and prosperity of the Republic rested. In the course of the 18th century, VOC trade became increasingly unprofitable, and in 1796 the company went bankrupt due to enormous debts (approximately 120 to 125 million guilders).

♦ zeldzaam in deze uitzonderlijk hoge kwaliteit ♦

♦ rare in this exceptional high state of preservation ♦

Scholten 94 ; Verkade 201.5 ; CNO.12.2 ; KM.70
voortreffelijk exemplaar met een donker patina
pr/pr+

weight 23,07gr. ; bronze Ø 35mm.

obv. Draped bust of the youthful Senate facing right,
surrounded by the legend; ΙЄΡΑ ϹΥΝ  -  ΚΛΗΤΟϹ,
within border of dots
rev. Tyche standing, left, wearing kalathos, holding poppy, ears of
corn and rudder in het right hand, cornucopia resting on her left arm,
surrounded by the legend; ΙЄΡΑΠΟ  -  ΛЄΙΤΩΝ, within border of dots

As early as the Iron Age, a settlement existed at the site of Hierapolis. Before the Greek colony was established the cult area dedicated to Cybele around a cave and the surrounding rocks was the center of the archaic settlement. From well before the time of the Greek colonization, the area was seen as a gateway to the underworld and a place of communication with the underworld deities because of the toxic gasses that emerge from a hot spring inside the cave. The Phrygians built a temple dedicated to the mother goddess Cybele on the site probably in the first half of the 7th century BC. This temple, originally used by the indigenous communities living in the Lycus valley would later form the center of Hierapolis. When the Greek colonists arrived and built the city on the pre-existing pattern of settlement, the ancient cult of Cybele was gradually assimilated into the Greek religion. The hot springs were a major draw to city. After the process of assimilation into Greek culture, it was associated with Hades (Pluton) and Persephone instead of Cybele and the temple was named Plutonium.

Hierapolis was founded by the Seleucids in the time of Antiochus I (281 - 261 BC) and received polis status by Eumenes of Pergamon (197-160 BC). The city was famous for its high quality woolen fabrics and dye products. While the Phrygian inhabitants of the valley were gradually Hellenized, Hierapolis was a Greek foundation from the start. Antiochus the Great sent 2,000 Jewish families to Lydia and Phrygia from Babylon and Mesopotamia, later joined by more from Judea. The Jewish congregation grew in Hierapolis and has been estimated as high as 50,000 in 62 BC. The city was expanded with the booty from the 190 BC Battle of Magnesia where Antiochus the Great was defeated by the Roman ally Eumenes II. Following the Treaty of Apamea ending the Syrian War, Eumenes annexed much of Asia Minor, including Hierapolis.

Hierapolis became a healing centre where doctors used the thermal springs as a treatment for their patients. The city began minting bronze coins in the 2nd century BC. These coins give the name Hieropolis. It remains unclear whether this name referred to the original temple (hieron) or honoured Hiera, the wife of Telephus, son of Heracles and the Mysian princess Auge, the supposed founder of Pergamon′s Attalid dynasty. This name eventually changed into Hierapolis ("holy city"), according to the Byzantine geographer Stephanus on account of its large number of temples.

In 133 BC, when Attalus III died, he bequeathed his kingdom to Rome. Hierapolis thus became part of the Roman province of Asia. Unlike other cities in the region, it was never reconstituted as a Roman colony, though some Romanization took place. In AD 17, during the rule of the emperor Tiberius, a major earthquake destroyed the city. The philosopher Epictetus was born as a slave in the city in 50 AD. In the year 60, during the rule of Nero, an even more severe earthquake left the city completely in ruins. Afterwards, the city was rebuilt in the Roman style with imperial financial support. Through the influence of the Christian apostle Paul, a church was founded here while he was at Ephesus. The Christian apostle Philip spent the last years of his life here. The town′s martyrium was alleged to have been built upon the spot where Philip was crucified in AD 80. His daughters were also said to have acted as prophetesses in the region.

When Caracalla visited the town in 215, he bestowed the much-coveted title of neocoros upon it, according the city certain privileges and the right of sanctuary. This was the golden age of Hierapolis. Thousands of people came to benefit from the medicinal properties of the hot springs. New building projects were started: two Roman baths, a gymnasium, several temples, a main street with a colonnade, and a fountain at the hot spring. Hierapolis became one of the most prominent cities in the Roman Empire in the fields of the arts, philosophy, and trade. The town grew to 100,000 inhabitants and became wealthy. During his campaign against the Sassanid Shapur II in 370, the emperor Valens made the last-ever imperial visit to the city.

During the 4th century, the Christians filled Pluto′s Gate (a ploutonion) with stones, suggesting that Christianity had become the dominant religion and begun displacing other faiths in the area. Originally a see of Phrygia Pacatiana, the Byzantine emperor Justinian raised the bishop of Hierapolis to the rank of metropolitan in 531. The Roman baths were transformed to a Christian basilica. During the Byzantine period, the city continued to flourish and also remained an important centre for Christianity. In the early 7th century, the town was devastated first by Persian armies and then by another destructive earthquake, from which it took a long time to recover. In the 12th century, the area came under the control of the Seljuk sultanate of Konya before falling to crusaders under Frederick Barbarossa and their Byzantine allies in 1190. About thirty years later, the town was abandoned before the Seljuks built a castle in the 13th century. The new settlement was abandoned in the late 14th century. In 1354, the Fall of Gallipoli toppled the remains of the ancient city. The ruins were slowly covered with a thick layer of limestone.

Bronze coins of this size and weight were probably not intended for normal circulation, but were more likely minted during a special occasion. Religious festivals are a possibility in this regard. In that context, it is more accurate to speak of a medallion. RPC listed only 5 specimens, all of which are located in prominent museum collections. Extremely rare.

BMC 83var. ; SNG.Copenhagen 412 ; Weber Collection- ; Slg.Leypold- ;
L. Weber, NC 1913, 151, XXVIII, nos. 4-5 ; SNG.v.Aulock 3630 ;
SNG.München - ; SNG.Tübingen- ; RPC online 9990 RRR
very attractive specimen of a wonderful style
vf

weight 22,00gr. ; bronze Ø 34mm.

obv. CIVIS within oak-wreath, flanked by two laurel-branches,
OB above, SERVATOS below
translation; ′for saving the citizens′
rev. Large S C, surrounded by the legend;
C•GALLIVS•C•F•LVPERCVS•III•VIR•A•A•A•F•F
unabbreviated; Caius Gallus Caii Filius Lupercus, Triumvir Auro, Argento, 
Aere, Flando, Feriundo. Senatus Consultum, tranlation: Caius Gallus son of
Caius Lupercus, moneyer (Triumvir Monetalis) for the casting and striking
of gold, silver, and bronze coins. Decree of the senate.

The gens Gallia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Several members of this gens are mentioned during the first century BC. The family of Caius Gallius had produced several senators since 73 BC before his was appointed triumvir monetalis in 16 BC. Nothing is known about his career before and after the vigintivirat.

On the reverse of this coin the Corona Civica (civic crown) is depicted. The Corona Civica was originally a military honour bestowed upon a Roman who had saved a fellow citizen′s life in battle. It was one of the greatest public honours. It harkens back to the declarations of gratitude conferred on Augustus in 27 BC, when the senate awarded him the corona civica (civic wreath or crown) and the clipeus virtutis (shield of valour). In the imperial era the honour developed from a coveted military decoration into an imperial emblem granted by the Senate to the emperor. The wreath was made of oak leaves and is sometimes called a corona quercea after the common name for the oak. Plutarch believed the oak was chosen for this highest of honours for several reasons. The tree was easily found throughout the countryside and was quite convenient for fashioning a wreath when the need arose. Also, the oak is sacred to Jupiter and Juno and thus was an appropriate symbolic honour given to one who has saved the life of a fellow Roman citizen. Finally, the early settlers of  Rome, the Arcadians, were  nicknamed ′acorn-eaters′ in an oracle of Apollo.

Cohen 434 ; RIC 377 ; BMC 171 ; Sear 1646 S
Some weakness and light traces of oxidation.
f/vf

weight 4,94gr. ; bronze Ø 15mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus facing right, ΣЄBAΣTOΣ behind
rev. Zeus Laodikeius standing, left, holding eagle and staff; to left,
wreath enclosing Ζ and flanked by Ν and Ω, behind the legend;
ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ ΣΩΣΘΕΝΗΣ

Laodicea on the Lycum (also Laodikeia ad Lykos) is situated on the long spur of a hill between the narrow valleys of the small rivers Asopus and Caprus, which discharge their waters into the Lycus. The town was originally called Diospolis, "City of Zeus", and afterwards Rhodas. Laodicea, the building of which is ascribed to Antiochus II Theos in 261-253 BC in honor of his wife Laodice, was probably founded on the site of the older town. At first, Laodicea was not a place of much importance, but it soon acquired a high degree of prosperity. In 220 BC, Achaeus was its king. In 188 BC, the city passed to the Kingdom of Pergamon, and after 133 BC it fell under Roman control. It suffered greatly during the Mithridatic Wars but quickly recovered under the dominion of Rome.

Towards the end of the Roman Republic and under the first emperors, Laodicea, benefiting from its advantageous position on a trade route, became one of the most important and flourishing commercial cities of Asia Minor, in which large money transactions and an extensive trade in black wool were carried on. The area often suffered from earthquakes, especially from the great shock that occurred in the reign of Nero (60 AD) in which the town was completely destroyed. But the inhabitants declined imperial assistance to rebuild the city and restored it from their own means.  The wealth of its inhabitants created among them a taste for the arts of the Greeks, as is manifest from its ruins, and that it contributed to the advancement of science and literature is attested by the names of the sceptics Antiochus and Theiodas, the successors of Aenesidemus and by the existence of a great medical school. Its wealthy citizens embellished Laodicea with beautiful monuments. One of the chief of these citizens, Polemon, became King of Armenian Pontus (called after him "Polemoniacus") and of the coast round Trebizond. The city minted its own coins, the inscriptions of which show evidence of the worship of Zeus, Æsculapius, Apollo, and the emperors. It received from Rome the title of free city. During the Roman period, Laodicea was the chief city of a Roman conventus, which comprised twenty-four cities besides itself; Cicero records holding assizes there ca. 50 BC.

Antiochus the Great transported 2.000 Jewish families to Phrygia from Babylonia. Many of Laodicea′s inhabitants were Jews, and Cicero records that Flaccus confiscated the considerable sum of 9 kilograms of gold which was being sent annually to Jerusalem for the Temple. With its large Jewish community, very early Laodicea became a seat of Christianity and a bishopric. The Epistle to the Colossians mentions Laodicea as one of the communities of concern for Paul the Apostle. The martyrdom of Lulianos and Paphos is believed to have happened here. The Byzantine writers often mention Laodicea, especially in the time of the Comneni. In 1119, Emperor John the Beautiful and his lead military aid John Axuch captured Laodicea from the Seljuk Turks in the first major military victory of his reign. It was fortified by the emperor Manuel I Comnenus.  In 1206–1230, it was ruled by Manuel Maurozomes. The city was destroyed during the invasions of the Turks and Mongols.

BMC 147 ; SNG.Copenhagen 553 ; SNG.München 375 ; AMC 1409-1410 ;
Lindgren collection 989 ; SNG. von Aulock 3834 ; RPC.2896 ; Sear GIC - R
Attractive dark patina. Rare.
vf-/vf

weight 5,70gr. ; bronze Ø 17mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, surrounded by the legend;
ΘΕΣΣΑΛΩΝ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ
rev. Athena Itonia standing right, brandishing spear and shield,
monogram in right field, surrounded by the legend;
ΜΕΓΑΛΟΚΛΗΣ ΣΩΣΑΝΔΡΟΥ

The Thessalian league was a loose confederation of Thessalian city states. After the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC), which ended with the defeat of Philip V of Macedon in the battle of Cynoscephalae (196 BC) the victorious Roman general T. Quinctius Flamininus declared all of Greece ″free″. Consequently, he reorganized the Thessalian league, creating a federal council, the synedrion, and annually changing officers, strategoi. The seat of the league was in the largest Thessalian city, Larissa, and it continued to exist even after Thessaly became part of the new Roman province of Macedonia in 146 BC. A number of new autonomos coinages were initiated, most likely minted in Larissa.

BMC 176-177 ; SNG.Evelpidis 1671; McClean 4992 ;
Burrer Em 1b, p. 110–3, 38–58 ; RPC.1426 R
Attractive specimen with dark patina. Rare.
f/vf

weight 3,87gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Laureate head of Augustus right, AVGVSTVS behind, DIVI•F before
rev. Augustus and Agrippa seated left on bisellium on daïs, ornamented
with three rostra (prows), apparitor′s staff left, surrounded by the legend;
C•SVLPICIVS PLATORIN

In 13 BC Agrippa, Augustus′ lifelong friend and colleague, received the rostral crown. The three prows which decorate the platform refer to the Battle of Naulochus. This naval battle was fought on 3 september 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsianus Agrippa. The victory went to Agrippa, admiral of Octavianus. Agrippa died a year later after this issue at Campania (12 BC).

In 13 BC, Augustus returned to Rome from a lengthy tour of the western provinces, just as Agrippa returned from the East. All conditions had been readied to present to the Roman people the establishment of Agrippa as the new partner of Augustus′ labours after a multi-year build up, culminating in the Ara Pacis ceremony at which Agrippa co-presided. However, to those watching the political slogans and headlines of the Roman mint, the Ara Pacis ceremony and Agrippa′s prominent role therein did not bring news, for the coinage of 13 boldly proclaims Agrippa as if he were second princeps by advertizing his enhanced status and by highlighting his accomplishments beyond the level ever provided for any of Augustus′ other colleagues, including his eventual successor, Tiberius (whose own enhancement of powers after AD 4 was modeled upon the precedent of Agrippa).

The coinage of 13 BC represents a break from the recent general pattern in that it broke up Augustus′ quasi-regal domination of the mint, and it sent out two simultaneous and compatible messages. Firstly, and more specifically, the imagery informed the Roman public as do newspaper headlines today of the elevation of Agrippa as Augustus′ legal equal, showing that Rome was no monarchy. The Roman mint alternated between standard issues for certain messages and new images for others, including escalation of the status of Agrippa.

The year 13 provided several occasions to raise the status of Agrippa, a novus homo. Agrippa was offered a third triumph, which he again refused. He received a new priesthood(s). His tribunician power was renewed for five years, as was that of Augustus. And at the Ara Pacis ceremony, Agrippa shared equal credit for pacifying the Empire in a ceremony that may have included closing the Gates of Janus. Much of this information comes to us not just from textual evidence, but also the archeological record. The coinage of 13 informs us of the regime′s official statements and the Ara Pacis itself shows the veiled Augustus at the head of the Pontifical College and the veiled Agrippa completing the Pontifical College and starting the imperial family as a demonstration of his integral role in the state, although tragically his life would end before the Ara Pacis was completed, leaving it to be a monument of a vision of the future Augustus was never able to achieve.

The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine years after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and the last of the name who appears on the consular list was Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus in AD 158. Although originally patrician, the family also possessed plebeian members, some of whom may have been descended from freedmen of the gens. Caius Sulpicius Platorinus was triumvir monetalis of 12 BC.

An important feature of the Augustan political program was to give the impression that while Augustus had assumed full power over the Roman state, the Republic still lived on. This illusion was important to avoid the fate suffered by Julius Caesar when he brazenly took up the trappings of kingship. As a means of propping up the Republican image, Augustus resurrected old Roman religious traditions and magistracies that had fallen into disuse during the civil wars of the first century BC. This denarius firmly belongs to the Augustan Republican illusion through several notable features. Whereas earlier denarii had emphasised the emperor′s unique qualities and powers by depicting him wearing the corona civica granted to him by the Senate in 27 BC, here the portrait of Augustus is shown bare headed in conformity with old Republican custom, as if to emphasise his disingenuous claim to be merely primus inter pares, "first among equals." Likewise, the reverse illustrates Augustus′ revival of the Republican office of moneyer. The surrounding legend names C. Sulpicius Platorinus as the moneyer responsible for the issue. However, at the same time that the coin is imbued with these pseudo-Republican qualities, the reverse type is decidedly monarchical in character. It depicts Augustus and Marcus Agrippa seated side by side to illustrate their equal status and mark out the latter as the intended heir of Augustus. Under the constitutional settlement of 23 BC, Augustus had established Agrippa as his intended heir, granting him proconsular imperium in imperial provinces and arranging a marriage to Augustus′ daughter Julia the Elder. In 18 BC, a few years before this coin was struck, Agrippa′s powers were made virtually equivalent to those of Augustus by a grant of tribunicia potestas and imperium in all provinces of the empire. Unfortunately, despite all of this, Agrippa died in 12 BC, the year after this coin was issued, thereby frustrating all of Augustus′ carefully devised plans for a smooth succession and forcing him to seek new suitable heirs.

♦ Wonderful portrait of Augustus of the best classical style ♦

cf. NAC 143 no. 481 in good xf  (SFR 14.000 + 22,5%)

Cohen 529 ; RIC 407 ; BMC 115 ; Sear 1599 R
Wonderful lustrous example of this rare coin type.
xf

weight 10,63gr. ; bronze Ø 26mm.

obv. Laurated head of Tiberius facing left, surrounded by
the legend; TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST IMP•VIII•
rev. Winged caduceus between S - C, surrounded by the legend:
PONTIF MAXIM TRIBVN POTEST XXXIIX

On coins the caduceus (kerykeion)is usually depicted as a symbol of Mercury
or Felicitas and symbolises commerce, peace and prosperity.

Cohen 23 ; RIC 65. ; BMC 138 ; cf. Sear 1771 R
Attractive specimen with dark patina. Rare.
vf/vf+

weight 6,32gr. ; bronze Ø 18mm.

obv. Laurated head right  TI KΛAYΔOC KAICAP CEBACTOC
rev. Apollo standing right, holding tainia and laurel-branch
AIΓAEΩN EPI AΠOΛΛOΔΩPOY ΠOYIOY XAΛEOY TO B

Magistrate Apollodoros, probably Apollodoros,
son of Poplius, also known as Chaleos.

Initially the city of Aegae (Greek: Aigai) was a possession of the Lydian Empire and later the Achaemenid Empire when it conquered the former. In the early third century BC it became part of the Kingdom of Pergamon. Aigai had its brightest period under the Attalid dynasty, which ruled from nearby Pergamon in the 3rd and 2nd century BC. It changed hands from Pergamon to the Seleucid Empire, but was recaptured by Attalus I of Pergamon in 218 BC. In the war between Bithynia and Pergamon, it was destroyed by Prusias II of Bithynia in 156 BC. After a peace was brokered by the Romans, the city was compensated with hundred talents. Under the rule of Pergamon a market building and a temple to Apollo were constructed.

In 129 BC the Kingdom of Pergamon became part of the Roman Empire. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 17 AD and received aid for reconstruction from emperor Tiberius. Aegae is mentioned by both Herodotus and Strabo as being a member of the Aeolian dodecapolis. It was also an important sanctuary of Apollo. Within Christianity Aegae was important enough in the Roman province of Asia Prima to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Ephesus′ Metropolitan Archbishopric; but it was to fade. The remains of the city are located near the modern village of Yuntdağı Köseler in Manisa Province, Turkey. The archaeological site is situated at a rather high altitude almost on top of Mount Gün (Dağı), part of the mountain chain of Yunt (Dağları).

BMC- ; SNG.von Aulock 7672 ; SNG.Copenhagen 22 ; RPC.2429 R
f/vg

weight 3,91gr. ; copper Ø 18mm.

obv. Laurated head right TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS
rev. Altar of the cult of Roma and Augustus at Lugdunum, flanked by two
columns, each surmounted by statue of Victory,   ROM ET AVG below

The Ara trium Galliarum, or ′Altar of the three Gallic provinces′, was a Roman sanctuary near Lugdunum (today Lyon in France). Therefor it is better known as the Altar of Lugdunum. The altar was consecrated to the goddess Roma and Augustus. In the 2nd decade of the 1st century BC, Drusus built the ritual place as part of the preparation for his offensive in Germania. Once a year on August 1 the Concilium provinciae, the province council of the Gallic provinces, met at that place. The main function of the council was to sacrifice to the Roman Emperor (see imperial cult), elect a priest of Rome and Augustus for the coming year, and arrange public games. In this way, the Gallic tribes demonstrated their allegiance to Rome.

Cohen 38 ; RIC 246 ; BMC 588 ; Sear 1757 S
Scarce coin type. Dark patina.
f

weight 4,62gr. ; bronze Ø 19mm.

obv. Laureate head of Claudius right, surrounded by the legend;
ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ϹΕΒΑϹΤΟϹ
rev. Draped bust of Agrippina Jr. right, surrounded by the legend;
ϹΕΒΑϹΤΗ ΕΠΙ ΑΦΡΕΙΝΟΥ ΚΛΑΥΔΕΙΚΟΝΙΕΩΝ
translation: Augusta, under Afrinus, of the Claudiconians

Agrippina the Younger was born on 6 November 15 AD as daughter of Germanicus, a popular general and one-time heir apparent to the Roman Empire under Tiberius; and her mother was Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of the first Roman emperor Augustus. She was also the younger sister of Caligula, as well as the niece of Claudius. Both ancient and modern sources describe Agrippina′s personality as ruthless, ambitious, violent, and domineering. Physically she was a beautiful and reputable woman. After Messalina, Claudius′ third wife was executed in 48 for conspiring with Caius Silius to overthrow her husband, Claudius considered remarrying for the fourth time. He decided to mary his niece Agrippina. Agrippina and Claudius married on New Year′s Day, 49 AD. This marriage caused widespread disapproval. For this occasion a series of commemorative coins were issued, for which this cistophoros is one the examples. Her son Nero became Claudius′s adopted son, heir and recognised successor. Claudius later repented of marrying Agrippina and adopting Nero, began to favor Britannicus, and started preparing him for the throne. His actions allegedly gave Agrippina a motive to eliminate Claudius. The ancient sources say she poisoned Claudius on 13 October 54 with a plate of deadly mushrooms at a banquet, thus enabling Nero to quickly take the throne as emperor. Agrippina between 55 and 58 became very watchful and had a critical eye over her son.Towards 57, Agrippina was expelled from the palace and went to live in a riverside estate in Misenum. While Agrippina lived there or when she went on short visits to Rome, Nero had sent people to annoy her. Although living in Misenum, she was still very popular, powerful and influential. Agrippina and Nero would see each other on short visits. On 23 March 59 AD Agrippina was executed on the orders of her son, the emperor Nero.

Marcus Annius Afrinus (legatus Augusti pro praetore) was a Roman senator, who held a number of offices in the emperor′s service. Bernard Remy states that nothing is known of his origins, but notes C. Castillo suggests Afrinus may have come from Hispania Baetica. The cursus honorum of Afrinus is imperfectly known. His first attested office was governor of the imperial province of Galatia from around the year 49 to 54; he is surmised to have been a popular governor, for his name and portrait appear on the coinage of Claudiconium (Iconium, modern Konya). He was suffect consul in July-August 66 with Caius Paccius Africanus as his colleague. Afrinus was governor of the imperial province of Pannonia, immediately succeeding Lucius Tampius Flavianus in late 69, until the year 73. His life afterwards is a blank.

von Aulock, Lykaonia, 258-260 ; Waddngton 4763 ; RPC.3542 R
Slightly rough surfaces. Rare.
f+

weight 3,45gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Toga picta over tunica palmata, aquila on left, wreath on right,
S•P•Q•R• PAREN(T) above, CONS•SVO below
rev. Slow quadriga right with ornamented panels surmounted by four
miniature galloping horses, CAESAR above, AVGVSTO in exergue

This denarius type is usually attributed to Colonia Patricia (modern Cordoba) in Spain. The obverse depicts the elaborate regalia (ornamenta triumphalia) of a successful general that is awarded to him on the occasion of his procession through the streets of Rome as triumphator. The toga picta was an elaborate dress based on the attire of the Etruscan kings and is shown being worn over the tunica palmata, a tunic decorated with representations of palm leaves. On either side are seen a legionary eagle, symbolic of the Roman army, and a triumphal wreath, or corona triumphalis. This was worn by the triumphator as he paraded through the streets of the capital in the elaborately adorned chariot, which is depicted on the reverse.

In 19 BC, Augustus returned to Rome after a three-year absence in Greece and Asia, and this reverse type probably relates to the celebration of the military successes of this period, especially Tiberius′ activities in Armenia and the restoration of the standards that the Parthians had captured from Crassus in 53 BC.

♦ highly interesting and rare historical coin ♦

Cohen 78 ; RIC 99 ; BMC 397 ; Sear 1604 R
Some minor scratches and bankersmark.Attractive toning.
vf

gewicht 9,93gr. ; goud Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Otto Buck
muntteken roos

vz. Gehelmde en geharnaste Nederlandse ridder, met sjerp diagonaal
om zijn bovenlichaam, te paard naar rechts, in zijn rechterhand houdt
hij een geheven zwaard, de linkerhand aan de teugels, daaronder
het gekroonde provinciewapen van Holland, omringd door de tekst;
✿ MO:AUR:PRO:CONFOED:  -  BELG:HOLLAND:
kz. Gekroond generaliteitswapen geflankeerd door de waarde
aanduiding 14 - GL, erboven I 7 - 5I, omringd door de tekst;
CONCORDIA•RES•PARVÆ•CRESCUNT.

Delmonte 782 ; Verkade 40.4 ; HNPM.19 ; CNM.2.28.47 ; Friedberg 253
weinig gecirculeerd exemplaar met nog enige stempelglans
pr-

gewicht 3,51gr. ; goud Ø 22mm.
muntmeester: Wouter Buck
zonder munt- of muntmeesterteken

vz. Geharnaste en gehelmde Nederlandse ridder staande naar rechts
met in zijn rechterhand een geschouderd zwaard, in de linker een
pijlenbundel (7 pijlen), geflankeerd door het jaartal I7 - 77,
omringd door de tekst; CONCORDIA•RES - PAR•CRES•HOL•
kz. Dubbel gelijnd vierkant met schelp- en bladornamenten aan
de zijden en op de hoeken, met daarbinnen een tekst in 5 regels;
MO:ORD: / PROVIN / FOEDER / BELG•AD / LEG•IMP.

Delmonte 775 ; Verkade 39.6 ; HNPM.15 ;
CNM.2.28.54 ; Friedberg 250
very minor scratch, otherwise attractive specimen
zfr+

weight 3,83gr. ; silver Ø 18mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, AVGVSTVS behind, DIVI•F before
rev. Diana Venatrix, in short hunting tunic, standing facing, head right,
holding and leaning on vertical spear in right hand and bow in left; at her
feet to left, a dog standing left, IMP to left, XII to right, SICIL in exergue

In commemoration of the victory over Sextus Pompeius
at the Battle of Naulochus on 3 September 36 BC.

The Battle of Naulochus (36 BC) was a decisive naval engagement off the northeast coast of Sicily. Octavianus′ brilliant admiral, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, defeated the rebel fleet of Sextus Pompeius, ending a years-long blockade that had starved Rome and solidifying Octavianus′ rise to power.

Sextus had used his massive naval dominance to control Sicily, regularly blockading grain shipments and causing severe famines in Rome, which threatened the stability of the Second Triumvirate. Both sides boasted approximately 300 ships. However, Agrippa commanded heavier vessels and utilized a newly invented grappling weapon called the harpax (a heavy iron grapnel fired from catapults). The harpax allowed Agrippa′s ships to lock onto and board the more maneuverable vessels of Sextus. The resulting battle was devastating for the rebels: 28 of Sextus′ ships were sunk and most of the remainder were captured or burned, while Octavianus′ fleet suffered minimal losses. This victory permanently broke the Pompeian faction′s naval dominance. It paved the way for Octavianus to strip his rival Lepidus of power, leaving Octavianus as the undisputed master of the West and putting him on the path to becoming Augustus, the first Roman Emperor.

Cohen 168 ; RIC 182 (R2) ; BMC 463 ; Lyon 35 ; Sear- (cf. 1612) R
Some scrapes/scratches on cheak and neck. Rare.
vf

weight 10,99gr. ; bronze Ø 27mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, CAESAR behind
rev. AVGVSTVS within laurel-wreath

Cohen 34 ; RIC 486 ; BMC 2235 & 4100 ; Butcher 43
Struck with some weaknesses. Dark patina.
f/vf

weight 11,70gr. ; copper Ø 24,5mm.

obv. Bare head of Augustus right, surrounded by the legend;
CAESAR AVGVST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT
rev. Large S C surrounded by the legend;
P•LVRIVS AGRIPPA•III VIR•AAA FF

This as was minted in Rome by the monetary triumvirate of 7 BC, formed by Publius Lurius Agrippa, Marcus Maecilius Tullus and Marcus Salvius Otho in 7 BC. The triumviri monetalis ("triumviri of the temple of Juno the Advisor" or "monetary triumvirs") supervised the issuing of Roman coins.

The gens Luria was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Although many Lurii are known from inscriptions, the only member of this gens to play a significant role in history was Marcus Lurius, a lieutenant of Octavianus in the years following the death of Caesar. In 40 BC, Lurius was serving as governor of Sardinia when the island was invaded by Menas, one of Sextus Pompeius′s commanders. Lurius at first routed his opponent, but was then himself the victim of an unexpected defeat by Menas in the ensuing pursuit. Lurius was forced to abandon the island and its two legions there. On 2 September 31 BC, at the naval Battle of Actium, Octavianus entrusted Lurius with command of the right wing of the fleet. There′s a good chance that Publius was the son of Marcus, who may have been long deceased, and his Dad′s old boss was giving him constitutional entree to the Senate. A safe, loyal, constitutional choice that would not make anyone too ambitious nor unreasonably jealous as he revamped the bronze coinage.

Cohen 446 ; RIC 428 ; BMC 214 ; Sear 1686
corroded surfaces 
f

gewicht 6,20gr. ; koper Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Gerrit Jansz.
muntteken stadsschildje van Hasselt

vz. Buste van Philips II naar links binnen een gladde cirkel,
daaronder stadsschildje van Hasselt, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D•G•HISP Z•REX•DO•TRS•ISSVL′
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen
met de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door
de tekst; •PACE • ET •  -  IVSTITIA •

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid). Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-17 ; Verkade 144.2 ; CNM.2.83.23 ;
Vanhoudt 381.HS ; Purmer & van der Wiel 7013 S
Voor dit munttype een net exemplaar.
zfr/zfr-

gewicht 5,05gr. ; koper Ø 26mm.

vz. Portret van Philips II naar links  binnen cirkel, daaronder burcht,
in de buitencirkel de tekst •PHS•D:G•HISP•Z•REX•CO•ZEL•
kz. Gekroond Oostenrijk-Bourgondisch wapen, omhangen met het
keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies. In de buitenrand de tekst;
PACE • ET • IVSTITIA •

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

van Gelder & Hoc 252-12 ; Verkade 95.2 ; Vanhoudt 381.MD ;
Purmer & van der Wiel 4016 ; HNPM.10 ; CNM.2.49.7 S
minieme sporen van oxidatie
fr+ à fr/zfr

gewicht 6,77gr. ; koper Ø 27mm.
muntmeester Johan Bitters van Raesfeld
muntteken lelie

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar links,
omringd door de tekst: •PHS:D:G•HISP Z REX:COM•FLA•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen
met de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de
tekst; •PACE•ET•  -  •IVSTITIA•

Dit munttype werd slechts gedurende zo′n 3 jaar aangemunt. Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van een reeks uniforme munten waaronder ook de dubbele duit of oord. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

van Gelder & Hoc 252-7 ; Dechamps de Pas 13,5 ;
Haeck 695 ; Vanhoudt 381.BG
centrum zwak geslagen
fr

gewicht 2,32gr. ; koper Ø 24mm.
muntmeester Hendrik Joosten van Domselaar
stempelsnijder Nicolaas Petersz. de Vogelaar (tevens goudsmid van beroep)

vz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië
PHS+D:G•HISPANIA•REX•
kz. Stadswapen in het centrum van een kruis met lelies aan de uiteinden,
in het veld de cijfers I - 5 - 7 - 9
In de buitenrand de tekst; +MON• - •NOV+ - •CIVI+ - •TRA+

Alhoewel de oorden van dit type de naam van Philips II dragen, werden ze niet op diens gezag geslagen maar op die van de Staten van Utrecht. In deze tijd durfde men het echter nog niet aan de naam van Philips II te verwijderen op de munten. Dat zou pas geschieden in 1581 met het verschijnen van het Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, waarbij het gezag van Philips II niet langer werd erkend. De oorden van de stad Utrecht hadden een officieel voorgeschreven gewicht van 4,62 gram. Dit exemplaar weegt met 2,25 gram echter minder dan de helft van dat gewicht, en benaderd daarmee eerder het gewicht van een duit. Daarnaast verkeerd de munt ook nog in een goede kwaliteit. Opmerkelijk en zeer zeldzaam.

vgl.Verkade 115.6 ; vgl. Purmer & van der Wiel 5115 ;
vgl. CNM.2.44.3 ; vgl. Pietersen 31B ; vgl. Vanhoudt 404  RR
miniem speldegaatje, verder een net exemplaar
zfr

gewicht 4,12gr. ; koper Ø 24mm.
muntmeester Hendrik Joosten van Domselaar
stempelsnijder Nicolaas Petersz. de Vogelaar (tevens goudsmid van beroep)

vz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië
PHS•D:G•HISPANI•REX
kz. Stadswapen in het centrum van een kruis met lelies aan de uiteinden,
in het veld de cijfers I - 5 - 7 - 8 ( de I geschreven als een T), in de buitenrand
de tekst; MO - •NO• - CIV - TRA

Alhoewel de oorden van dit type de naam van Philips II dragen, werden ze niet op diens gezag geslagen maar op die van de Staten van Utrecht. In deze tijd durfde men het echter nog niet aan de naam van Philips II te verwijderen op de munten. Dat zou pas geschieden in 1581 met het verschijnen van het Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, waarbij het gezag van Philips II niet langer werd erkend. Dit munttype bestaat zonder jaartal, 1578 en 1579. Daarvan is het jaartal 1579 verreweg het meest voorkomend. Zeldzaam.

Verkade 115.5 ; PW.5115 ; HNPM.2 ; CNM.2.44.3 ;
Pietersen31B ; Vanhoudt 404 R
lichte sporen van oxidatie
fr+ à fr/zfr

gewicht 7,24gr. ; koper Ø 25mm.
muntmeester Jacob Dirksz. Alewijn
muntteken: herkruis kruis (zgn. Gelders kruis)

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts binnen een
parelcirkel, daaronder Gelders kruis, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D:G•HISP Z REX•DVX GEL•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met
de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
•PACE  ET  - IVSTITIA•

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

In de jaren 1578-1579 werden 63.104 stuks oorden aangemunt. Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-6 ; Verkade 18.3 ; CNM.2.17.50 ; Vanhoudt 381.NIJ S
fr/zfr

gewicht 5,33gr. ; koper Ø 26mm.
muntmeester Jacob Dirksz. Alewijn
muntteken: herkruis kruis (zgn. Gelders kruis)

vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts binnen een
parelcirkel, daaronder Gelders kruis, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D•G•HISP•Z•REX•DVX•GEL•
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met
de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
PACE  ET  - IVSTITIA

Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies “DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR” (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus “PACE ET IVSTITIA” (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).

In de jaren 1578-1579 werden 63.104 stuks oorden aangemunt. Schaars.

van Gelder & Hoc 252-6 ; Verkade 18.3 ; CNM.2.17.50 ; Vanhoudt 381.NIJ S
fr+