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VESPASIANUS (VESPASIAN), 69-79 - AR Denarius, Rome (69-70 AD)
weight 3,40gr. ; silver Ø 16,5mm.
Judaea Capta issue commemorating victory over the Jews.
obv. Laureate head of Vespasian to right IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG
rev. Jewess sits on right in mourning with trophy behind, IVDAEA in exergue
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 AD), sometimes called the Great Revolt, was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire, fought in the Eastern Mediterranean. The First Jewish–Roman War took place in Palestine, mainly in the province of Judea. The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, originating in Roman and Jewish ethnic and religious tensions. The crisis escalated due to anti-taxation protests and attacks upon Roman citizens. The experienced and unassuming general Vespasian was given the task, by Nero, of crushing the rebellion in Judaea province. His son Titus was appointed as second-in-command. Given four legions and assisted by forces of King Agrippa II, Vespasian invaded Galilee in 67. Within several months Vespasian and Titus took over the major Jewish strongholds of Galilee and finally overran Jodapatha, which was under the command of Yosef ben Matitiyahu, as well as subdued Tarichaea, which brought an end to the war in Galilee. Vespasian was called to Rome and appointed as Emperor in 69. With Vespasian′s departure, Titus moved to besiege the center of rebel resistance in Jerusalem in early 70. The first two walls of Jerusalem were breached within three weeks, but a stubborn rebel standoff prevented the Roman Army from breaking the third and thickest wall. Following a brutal seven-month siege, during which Zealot infighting resulted in the burning of the entire food supplies of the city, the Romans finally succeeded in breaching the defenses of the weakened Jewish forces in the summer of 70. The Second Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed. Following the fall of Jerusalem, in the year 71 Titus left for Rome, leaving Legion X Fretensis to defeat the remaining Jewish strongholds including Herodium and Machaerus, finalizing the Roman campaign in Masada in 73–74.
Cohen 226 ; RIC II² 2 ; BMC 35 ; Sear 2296 ; Hendin 1479
Very attractive historical coins with good portrait.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC - LUCIUS FLAMINIUS CILO - AR Denarius, Rome (109-108 BC)
weight 3,84gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Helmeted head of Roma right, X below chin, ROMA behind
rev. Victory in biga right, holding wreath, L•FLAMINI below, CILO in exergue
The gens Flaminia was a plebeian family at Rome. The name Flaminius is evidently a derivative of flamen, and seems to have originally denoted a servant of a flamen. A flamen was a priest of the ancient Roman religion who was assigned to one of eighteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. During the first five centuries of Rome, no mention is made of any member of the Flaminia gens. In former times the Flaminii were believed to be only a family of the Quinctia gens; but this opinion arose from a confusion of the Flaminii with the Flaminini, the latter of whom belonged to the ancient patrician Quinctia gens.
Crawford 302-1 ; Sydenham 540 ; Albert 1093 ; Sear 179
Very attractive coin with wonderful patina.
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ROMAN IMPERATORS - OCTAVIANUS (OCTAVIAN) - AR Cistophoros, Ephesos (28 BC)
weight 11,85gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Laureate head of Octavianus right, surrounded by the legend;
IMP CAESAR DIVI F COS VI LIBERTATIS P R VINDEX
rev. Pax standing left on parazonium (?), holding caduceus in right hand, Cista Mystica
with snake emerging in right field, PAX in left field, all within laurel-wreath
The traditional denomination of the province of Asia, with its origins dating back to the time of the later Pergamene kings, the cistophorus, was minted extensively under Augustus. The cistophoric tetradrachm had the value of 3 denarii. Production was more restricted under most successors and Claudius was the only other emperor amongst the Julio-Claudians to issue cistophorii. There was a resumption of production from later Flavian times until Hadrian, the volume of whose Asian silver rivalled that of Augustus himself, but thereafter there was an abrupt cessation of minting. An isolated late revival came early in the 3rd century under Septimius Severus.
These were the first silver cistephorii to be minted in Asia in over a decade, since Antony′s issue depicting himself and his new bride Octavia in 39 BC. The mint was probably located in Ephesos, the likely source of the earlier series, and the issue marked the beginning of a vast output of cistophorii extending over the following decade. Ephesos and Pergamon both seem to have participated in this later coinage which, interestingly, seems to coincide with the lengthy interruption in the production of aurei and denarii in Italy. For the first time Octavianus is depicted laureate instead of bare-headed, as a god. It was fitting that this should have occurred first on an issue from the East where the concept of a divine monarchy was deeply rooted. The wreath of laurel doubtless refers to Apollo with whom Octavianus had had a special relationship ever since Actium. The message conveyed by the legends and the reverse type leave no room for ambiguity. In a remarkably lengthy obverse inscription Octavianus is proclaimed as the ′Champion of the Liberty of the Roman People′, whilst the figure of Pax on reverse, firmly identified by the accompanying inscription, gives promise of the peace which will now be bestowed on a troubled world through Octavianus′ triumph over his enemies, who were also the enemies of Rome. The traditional cista, or snake basket, is relegated to a minor symbol in the reverse field, whilst the whole is encircled by Apollo′s wreath of laurel instead of the Dionysiac garland of ivy, now tainted by its association with Antony, the ′New Dionysos′.
Exceptional portrait style, much nicer than the typical boyish portrait
that appears on this type. Rare and a very attractive historical coin.
Cohen 218 ; RIC 510 ; BMC 691 (=BMCRR East 248) ;
CBN.908 ; AMC.673 ; RPC.2203 ; CRI.433 ; Sear 1533 R
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BRUTTIUM, KROTON (CROTON) - AR Stater, circa 400-325 BC
weight 7,09gr. ; silver Ø 21,5mm.
obv. Head of Apollo facing to right, his hair long and flowing,
wearing a laurel-wreath and a necklace with a lion′s head ornament.
rev. The naked infant Herakles seated facing on sushions,
strangling two serpents which he holds in each hand
On the night that Herakles was to be born, Hera, knowing of her husband Zeus his adultery with the mortal Alkmene, persuaded Zeus to swear an oath that the child born that night to a member of the House of Perseus would be High King. Hera did this knowing that while Herakles was to be born a descendant of Perseus, so too was Eurystheos, son of Sthenelos. Once the oath was sworn, Hera hurried to Alkmene her dwelling and slowed the birth of Herakles by forcing Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth, to sit crosslegged with her clothing tied in knots, thereby causing Herakles to be trapped in the womb. Meanwhile, Hera caused Eurystheos to be born prematurely, making him High King in place of Herakles. She would have permanently delayed the birth of Herakles had she not been foiled by Galanthis, servant of Alkmene, who lied to Ilithyia, saying that Alkmene had already delivered the baby. Upon hearing this, she jumped in surprise, untying the knots and thus allowing Alkmene to give birth to Herakles. Having failed to prevent his birth, Hera sent two serpents to kill the baby Herakles as he lay in his cot. While his twin brother Iphikles screamed in terror, Herakles throttled the snakes, one in each hand, and was found by his nurse playing with their limp bodies as if they were toys.
The reverse type of this coin is symbolic of the struggle of several South Italian cities against the tyrant Dionysios I. Interesting and very rare cointype.
Jameson 434 ; SNG.ANS.387 ; SNG.Lloyd 617 ;
Boston 191 ; Historia Numorum, Italy 2157 RR
(cf. The new York Sale XVII, lot 117 in vf ; USD 8,500 + 15%)
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LESBOS, MYTILENE - EL 1/6 Stater or hekte, circa 478-455 BC
weight 2,52gr. ; electrum Ø 10mm.
obv. Head of a ram facing to right, a rooster walking to left below,
pecking at the ground.
rev. Incuse head of a bull facing to left
Mytilene was famous in ancient times for its great output of electrum coins struck from the late 6th through mid - 4th centuries BC. The usual denomination was the hekte (1/6th stater). Warwick Wroth noted in the British Museum Catalog, "The Sixths of [this Lesbos electrum series] form one of the most beautiful coin-series of the ancient world. This will be evident from a glance."
Wonderful masterpiece of the finest style. Extremely rare this nice.
BMC- (cf. 11);SNG.von Aulock-;SNG.Copenhagen-;
McClean 7967 ; Babelon, Traité Pl. CLIX, 3 ; HGC 6, 954 (R2) ;
Rosen Collection- ; Bodenstedt pl.52,27 (9 pieces listed) RR
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - REPUBLIEK, 1581-1795 - OVERIJSSEL - STAD KAMPEN - Dubbele Spaanse dukaat z.j. (circa 1590-1593)
gewicht 6,73gr. ; goud Ø 29mm.
vz. De gekroonde portretten van het Spaanse koningspaar Ferdinand en Isabella
naar elkaar gericht, daartussen een C, binnen een cirkel. In de buitencirkel de tekst;
•FЄRDINANDIxDVCA•R•P•IMP•CAMPEN•VA
kz. Eenkoppige adelaar met gespreide vleugels, voor zich het gekroonde
wapenschild van Castilië-Léon-Granada, binnen een cirkel. In de buitencirkel de tekst;
xSVBxVMBRAxALARVMxTVARVMxPROx
Exemplaar met Gotisch schrift, waarbij de voorzijdetekst begint op 5 uur i.p.v. op 12 uur. Zeer zeldzaam. Deze dubbele dukaat is geslagen naar voorbeeld van de Spaanse dubbele excelente en toont ons de portretten van het koningspaar Fernando en Isabella van Spanje (1474-1504). Vanwege hun grote intolerantie jegens niet-Christenen, zoals Joden en Moslims, zijn Ferdinand van Aragon en Isabella van Castilië de geschiedenis ingegaan als Reyes Católicos, ofwel het Katholieke Koningspaar. Die genen die zich niet lieten bekeren moesten het land verlaten, en al hun bezittingen werden in beslag genomen. Honderdduizenden verlieten in die tijd Spanje, en anderen lieten zich dopen. Door hun buitenlandse politiek van veroveringen in de nieuwe wereld, legden zij de grondslag voor de wereldmacht die Spanje in de loop van de 16e eeuw zou worden.
van der Chijs XIV, 4var. ; Delmonte 1098 ;
vgl. CNM.2.30.11 ; Friedberg 149 RR
Zeer zeldzame munt in een bijzonder mooie kwaliteit.
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