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LYCAONIA, LARANDA - AR Obol, circa 324-323 BC
weight 0,46gr. ; silver Ø 9mm.
obv. Bearded head of Ba′al right with tainia
rev. Forepart of wolf right, crescent behind
Laranda (modern Karaman) was one of the most important towns of Lycaonia. In the 6th century BC it came under Achaemenid rule until 322 BC, when it was destroyed by Perdiccas, a former general of Alexander the Great, after he had defeated Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia. It later became a seat of Isaurian pirates. It belonged to the Roman and later Byzantine Empire until it was captured by the Seljuks in the early 12th century. Karaman was occupied by Frederick Barbarossa in 1190 and by Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia between 1211 and 1216. In 1256, the town was taken by Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey and was renamed Karaman in his honour. From 1275, Karaman was the capital of the Karamanid beylik.
Ba′al was the title of various Gods of fertility, weather, rain, wind, lightning, seasons, war, patron of sailors and sea-going merchants, leader of the Rephaim (ancestral spirits). In fact Ba′al was a title and honorific meaning ″owner″, ″lord″ in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. In Sumerian EN, the Akkadian Bēlu and Northwest Semitic Ba′al was used as a title of various deities in the Mesopotamian and Semitic pantheons. Only a definitive article, genitive or epithet, or context could establish which particular god was meant. Ba′al was also used as a proper name by the third millennium BC, when he appears in a list of deities at Abu Salabik ( a small Sumerian city around 20 km northwest of the site of ancient Nippur. The Phoenician Ba′al is generally identified with either El or Dagan. Also in Cana′an Ba′al was worshipped under various names, also as El ; the leader of the gods and patron of kingship, who was connected to the regions′ dependence on rainfall for its agriculture. He fought various mythical snake-monsters asthe Yammu (now generally regarded as the prototype of the vision recorded in the 7th chapter of the biblical Book of Daniel), Tannin and Litan. In Cana′an we also know Ba′al as Mot, the Canaanite death god, he was known as Ba′al Rāpi′uma. Also the Hebrean God Jah-Weh was a synonym for Ba′al and means the same; "Lord". So Ba′al was not one God, but a synonym for a range of various Gods in ancient antiquity.
This cointype was formerly attributed to Tarsos (Cilicia)
BMC- ; cf. SNG.Copenhagen 319 ; SNG.von Aulock 8656 ;
SNG.Levante 227 ; SNG.Paris 457 ; cf. Sammlung Klein 652 ;
Göktürk 60 (pl.XXII, 10) ; Sear- R
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RANDSCHRIFTEN
Bij het aanbrengen van het randschrift GOD ZY MET ONS is men in de 19e eeuw niet consequent te werk gegaan.
Derhalve kunnen we twee varianten onderscheiden in de positie van het randschrift:
Positie A : als men het stuk voor zich legt met de voorzijde (portretzijde) naar boven, dan staat het randschrift op zijn kop.
Positie B : als men het stuk voor zich legt met de voorzijde (portretzijde) naar boven, dan staat het randschrift recht, dus in leesbare stand.
EDGE LETTERING
Position A : Edge lettering reads upside-down when the portrait faces up
Position B : Edge lettering reads normally when the portrait faces up |
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - REPUBLIEK, 1581-1795 - UTRECHT - Leeuwendaalder 1601/1598, Utrecht
gewicht 27,11gr. ; zilver Ø 41mm.
muntmeester Hendrik Hendriksz. van Domselaar
Geslagen op Hollandse muntvoet met muntteken roos en met de tekst
AD.VA.ORD.HOL. Het jaartal 1601 is gewijzigd uit 1598. Uiterst zeldzaam.
The lion dollar (leeuwendaalder) circulated throughout the Middle East and was imitated in several German and Italian cities. It was also popular in the Dutch East Indies as well as in the Dutch New Netherlands Colony (New York). The lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the Seventeenth and early Eighteenth centuries. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually fairly well worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as ″dog dollars.″ Larger Dutch silver coins as the ducatoon and the ″rix″ dollar (rijksdaalder) were also used in the colonies but neither of these coins had such a wide circulation or long lasting influence as the lion dollar. In Maryland the lion dollar was mentioned as the most important circulating coin in documents of 1701 and 1708, with its value stated as 4s6d. It is reported by Felt (p. 250) that a deposition was taken in Boston on July 29, 1701 stating that ″Dog or Lion dollars″ had been counterfeited in Massachusetts. In 1708 the New York Assembly set the value of the lion dollar at 5s6d. Also, the New York paper currency emission of November 1, 1709 was issued as amounts of sterling silver expressed in denominations of 4, 8, 16 and 20 lion dollars, with 13.75 oz. of silver equal to 20 lion dollars. Mossman also states lion dollars were used in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Virginia. In April of 1998 a Mike Cato discovered a 1640 lion dollar while metal detecting. In the hoard collected from the H.M.S. Feversham, which sank on October 7, 1711 after leaving New York, there were 22 lion dollars (quantitatively third only to the 504 Spanish Colonial silver coins and the 126 specimens of Massachusetts silver). Also, two lion dollars were inventoried in the hoard discovered in Castine, Maine, thought to have been deposited there in 1704 by French colonists fleeing from the English. It should be recalled that most of the Castine hoard was dispersed before an inventory could be produced. Lion dollars were no longer minted after 1713, during the Eighteenth century they were replaced in the Mideast by the Austrian thaler. In the English colonies New World Spanish silver had always held first place and with the advent of the famous milled silver coinage in 1732, the Spanish milled dollar absorbed the lion dollar′s share of the market.
Vrijwel ongecirculeerd prachtexemplaar met de originele muntkleur.
Dit munttype komt maar zelden voor in een dergelijke hoge kwaliteit.
Nearly as struck. Exceptionnaly high state of preservation and very hard to find this nice.
Delmonte- (vgl.842) ; Verkade 226.2 ; HNPM.34 ;
CNM.2.43.58 ; Davenport 8853 RRR
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - REPUBLIEK, 1581-1795 - WEST-FRIESLAND - Zilveren dukaat 1677, Enkhuizen
gewicht 27,80gr. ; zilver Ø 43mm.
muntmeester David Hagenet
zonder munt- of muntmeesterteken
Geslagen in de geoctrooieerde Munt van Enkhuizen, geëxploiteerd door de Amsterdamse juwelier Dirck Bosch. Om het octrooi definitief van de Staten van Holland te verkrijgen liet Bosch proefontwerpen vervaardigen door de vakkundige Amsterdamse medailleur Christoffel Adolphi. Op 17 december 1676 werd door de Staten van Holland definitief octrooi aan hem verleend. De daarop volgende muntslag kenmerkt zich door een zeer verzorgde muntslag, waarbij gebruik werd gemaakt van stempels van Christoffel Adolphi en de munten niet met de hand geslagen werden maar met behulp van de schroefpers. Dit type is drie jaar aangemunt, namelijk in 1676, 1677 en 1678. Het laatste jaar komt verreweg het minste voor. De munten van West-Friesland uit deze periode kunnen tot de fraaiste van het gewest worden gerekend, met veel gevoel voor stijl en detail.
Minted in the patented Mint of Enkhuizen, operated by the Amsterdam jeweler Dirck Bosch. In order to obtain the patent definitively from the States of Holland, Bosch had trial designs made by the skilled Amsterdam medalist Christoffel Adolphi. On 17 December 1676, the States of Holland granted him a definitive patent. The subsequent minting is characterized by a very well-maintained coinage, in which use was made of cutted dies by Christoffel Adolphi and the coins were not struck by hand, but with the aid of the screw press. This type has been minted for three years, namely in 1676, 1677 and 1678. The last year is by far the least common. The coins of West Friesland from this period can be counted among the finest in the region, with a great sense of style and detail.
Delmonte 972 ; Verkade 65.3 ; HNPM.78 ;
CNM.2.15.2 ; Pannekeet 61 ; Davenport 4910 S
ietwat zwak geslagen, met name in het centrum
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ZUIDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS) - GRAAFSCHAP VLAANDEREN - PHILIPS DE STOUTE - Dubbele groot botdrager z.j. (1389-1402), Gent, Mechelen of Brugge
gewicht 3,99gr. ; zilver Ø 32mm.
vz. Zittende leeuw naar links met banier van Bourgondië als
mantel op de rug binnen een parelcirkel. In de buitencirkel de tekst;
✠PHILIPP⋮DEI⋮G⋮DX⋮BVRG⋮Z⋮COM⋮FLAND′
kz. Lang gevoet kruis op het wapenschild van Valois-Bourgondië.
In de buitencirkel de tekst; ✠SIT⋮NO - ME⋮DOM - INI⋮BENE - DICTVM
Dit munttype is geslagen volgens ordonnatie van 20 december 1389. Aanvankelijk vond de muntslag plaats te Gent (10 dec.1389-23 okt.1390), vervolgens werd de muntslag voortgezet te Mechelen (3 nov.1390 - 29 okt.1392), Brugge (1 juni 1392 - 16 juni 1402) en Valkenburg (1 november 1396 - 1 november 1399). Tot op heden kenden we alleen voor Valkenburg een onderscheidend kenmerk in de vorm van een knoop in de start van de leeuw. Mogelijk zien we echter op dit exemplaar ook een onderscheidend kenmerk, die bij mijn weten nog niet eerder geconstateerd is; bij het gevoet kruis zien we boven de voet op 12 uur duidelijk een III. Dit zou geïnterpreteerd kunnen worden als een Gotische M en daarmee dus een verwijzing naar Mechelen. Vooralsnog blijft dit echter slechts een veronderstelling die nadere studie vergt, maar onaannemelijk is het niet. Hoogst interessant en vooralsnog een ongepubliceerd unicum.
De naam “botdrager” is ontleend aan het banier in de nek van de leeuw. Men zag gelijkenis met een bodde (draagkorf of mand), en reeds aan het einde van de 14e eeuw komt de naam “botdrager” voor in vele geschriften.
The name "botdrager" is taken from the banner on the neck of the lion. Resemblance to a bodde (carrying basket or basket) was seen, and already at the end of the 14th century the name "botdrager" appears in many writings.
Dechamps de Pas VIII, 18var. ; Boudeau 2241var. ; de Mey 265var.
Vanhoudt G.2635var. ; Martiny 66var. RRRR
Zeer attractief exemplaar met een mooi patina.
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