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SELEUKID EMPIRE - SELEUKOS IV PHILOPATOR, 187-175 BC - AR Drachm, mint in Northern Media or Hyrkania, possibly Ekbatana
weight 4,11gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Diademed head of Seleukos IV right
rev. Naked Apollo seated left on omphalos, holding arrow in right hand
and resting left on grounded bow, BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left,
ΞAP-monogram in upper left field, monogram in outer right field
SNG Spaer 943 ; Houghton 1198 ; HGC 9, no. 582e. R
Usual primitive and sloppy style. Rare.
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SELEUKID EMPIRE - SELEUKOS II KALLINIKOS POGON, 246-225 BC - MESOPOTAMIA - AR Drachm, Seleukia on the Tigris (circa 240-230 BC)
weight 4,13gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Head of Athena right in crested Attic helmet
rev. Nikè standing left, holding wreath and palm branch,
BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left
monogram in outer left and outer right field
Seleukia is named for Seleukos I Nikator, who enlarged an earlier settlement and made it the capital of his empire around 305 BC. It was the largest and most important of the many cities to bear its name but is sometimes distinguished as Seleukia on the Tigris (Latin: Seleucia ad Tigridem) from the name of its river. Although Seleukos soon moved his main capital to Antiochia on the Orontes, in northern Syria, Seleukia became an important center of trade, Hellenistic culture, and regional government under the Seleukids. The city was populated by Greeks, Syrians and Jews.
To make his capital into a metropolis, Seleukos forced almost all inhabitants of Babylon, except the local temple priests/supporting workers, to leave and resettle in Seleukia. A tablet dated 275 BC states that the inhabitants of Babylon were transported to Seleukia, where a palace and a temple (Esagila) were built. Standing at the confluence of the Tigris River with a major canal from the Euphrates, Seleukia was placed to receive traffic from both great waterways. During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, it was one of the great Hellenistic cities, comparable to Alexandria in Egypt, and greater than Syrian Antiochia. Excavations indicate that the walls of the city enclosed an area of at least 550 hectares (1,400 acres), equivalent to a square roughly 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) on a side. Based on this size, the population has been estimated to number over 100,000 initially and probably more later. Its surrounding region might have supported half a million people.
In 141 BC, the Parthians under Mithridates I conquered the city, and Seleukia became the western capital of the Parthian Empire. Tacitus described its walls, and mentioned that it was, even under Parthian rule, a fully Hellenistic city. Ancient texts claim that the city had 600,000 inhabitants, and was ruled by a senate of 300 people. It was clearly one of the largest cities in the Western world; only Rome, Alexandria, and possibly Antiochia were more populous. In 55 BC, a battle fought near Seleukia was crucial in establishing dynastic succession of the Arsacid kings. In this battle between the reigning Mithridates III (supported by a Roman army of Aulus Gabinius, governor of Syria) and the previously deposed Orodes II, the reigning monarch was defeated, allowing Orodes to re-establish himself as king. In 41 BC, Seleukia was the scene of a massacre of around 5,000 Babylonian Jewish refugees (Josephus, Ant. xviii. 9, § 9). In 117 AD, Seleucia was burned down by the Roman emperor Trajanus during his conquest of Mesopotamia, but the following year it was ceded back to the Parthians by Trajan′s successor, Hadrianus, then rebuilt in the Parthian style. It was completely destroyed by the Roman general Avidius Cassius in 165.
BMC- ; SNG.Copenhagen - ; Newell WSM.204A(addenda ESM) ;
Houghton & Lorber 765 ; Sear- ; HGC 9, no. 309 (R3) RRR
Extremely rare coin type of great style and elegance.
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SELEUKID EMPIRE - SELEUKOS II KALLINIKOS POGON, 246-225 BC - SYRIA - AR Tetradrachm, mint in or nearby Antiochia ad Orontem (circa 240-230 BC)
weight 16,72gr. ; silver Ø 29mm.
obv. Diademed head of Seleukos right
rev. Apollo Delphios standing left, testing arrow and resting elbow on tall tripod,
BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left, ΔEΛ-monogram in outer left field,
M(H)T-monogram in outer right field
This mint opened during the interregnum of 246-244, apparently to meet some special need arising from the contested succession and/or the invasion of Ptolemaios III in Syria and Mesopotamia. It continued in operation through the reign of Seleukos II, was inactive under Seleukos III, and experienced a final short-lived revival under Antiochos III. Three dies from the Antioch mint were employed by the ΔEΛ mint, and several controls appear in both series. All indications point to a close association of the ΔEΛ mint with Antioch: perhaps it was a separate workshop within the mint, or a separate facility located in an Antioch suburb such as Daphne. Rare.
BMC 6 ; Newell WSM.- (cf. 1146 / Apamea) ;
Houghton & Lorber (SC) 704.1e ; HGC 9, 303r ; cf. Sear 6896 R
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SELEUKID EMPIRE - SELEUKOS II KALLINIKOS POGON, 246-225 BC - MESOPOTAMIA - AR Tetradrachm, Nisibis (circa 240-230 BC)
weight 16,45gr. ; silver Ø 28mm.
obv. Diademed head of Seleukos right
rev. Apollo Delphios standing left, testing arrow and resting elbow on tall tripod,
BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left, NK-monogram in outer left field,
ΔΦI-monogram in outer right field
Situated along the road from Assyria to Syria, Nisibis has always been an important trade center. Here, travelers had to cross the small river Mygdonius (″fruit river″ in Aramaic). There is not alternative for this road; to the south is the desert, where the average daytime temperature can be higher than 50°C.note Neither was it possible to take a more northerly route, because one would have to pass through the Izala mountains, which were well-known for their vines and arboriculture - and anyone who could produce wood, had a means to become rich in ancient Mesopotamia.
The Aramaic kingdom of ″Naşibīna″ is mentioned for the first time in an Assyrian source that can be dated to 901. Nisibis remained loyal to the Assyrian kings until the very end, even after the Babylonians had captured Nineveh (612). According to the Fall of Nineveh Chronicle, Nisibis was attacked by the Babylonian army in the ensuing year, which suggests that it remained loyal to the Assyrian dynasty, which, by now, resided in Harran. We hear next to nothing about Nisibis during the Babylonian age, but we may assume that the land was sometimes ravaged by Medes. In 539, the Babylonian Empire became part of the Achaemenid Empire, and it is possible that Nisibis was a battlefield during the Persian civil war of 522/521, when Darius′ general Vaumisa defeated the rebellious Armenians at a place called Izala, which may refer to the mountain range north of Nisibis.
Again, we do not hear much about Nisibis in this period, although countless people must have used the important road from east to west, or the other way round. In 333, Darius III Codomannus managed to lure Alexander the Great away from the Euphrates to the land east of the Tigris, where he hoped to defeat the Macedonian conqueror at Gaugamela. As we all know, it turned out differently, and a Macedonian dynasty, the Seleucids, was to rule over the Near East. There appears to have been a Macedonian garrison in Nisibis, and coins were struck in what was now called Antioch in Mygdonia - ″Mygdonia″ not only being a Macedonian toponym, but also a rendering of the Aramaic name of the country, which seems to have been derived from magda′, "fruit".
The Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great is known to have visited Nisibis in 220 BC and the Astronomical Diaries refer to an army of Antiochus VI Dionysus near Nisibis in the summer of 144. A Stoic philosopher named Apollophanes is said to have come from Nisibis. However, although part of the Graeco-Macedonian world, Nisibis did not really become a hellenized city. The Aramaic language remained dominant and the official name ″Antioch″ was forgotten once the Parthians had replaced the Seleucids as masters of Mesopotamia. It is probably significant that Cassius Dio calls the Nisibenes barbarians, i.e., people who did not speak Greek.
BMC- ; Newell WSM.812 ; Houghton & Lorber (SC) 748a ;
HGC 9, 303hh ; cf. Sear 6896 R
Minor traces of oxidation. Rare.
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - REPUBLIEK, 1581-1795 - GELDERLAND - STAD NIJMEGEN - Daalder van 30 stuiver 1704
gewicht 15,49gr. ; zilver Ø 36mm.
muntmeester Gerard van Harn
muntmeesterteken morenkop
Na de sluiting van de stedelijke Nijmeegse Munt in 1692 stak het muntmeester Gerard van Harn toch dat het contract dat hij in 1685 had gesloten niet was nageleefd door de stad Nijmegen. De contractsduur was immers voor 12 jaar aangemunt, maar na 7 jaar had Nijmegen het munthuis gesloten. Met die argumenten wist hij burgemeester Romswinkel te bewegende de muntproductie weer te laten hervatten. Op 14 juni 1703 kreeg hij weer de beschikking over het muntatelier en muntgereedschappen en spoedig werden de eerste daalders geslagen. Al op 1 september 1703 stonden twee controleurs van de Raden der Generaal Muntmeesterers op de stoep, maar die werden niet binnengelaten door van Harn. Ook in 1704 ging van Harn door met de productie van daalders. Die waren echter te licht en werden al spoedig verboden verklaard in diverse provincies. Van Harn werd op 10 juni 1704 gedagvaard maar kwam niet opdagen, ook niet na een 2e en 3e oproep in 1705. Door deze perikelen was de muntproductie in 1704 echter wel gestaakt en werd het stedelijk muntatelier van Nijmegen definitief gesloten. In 1707 werd door de nieuwe burgemeester van Nijmegen, ene Pels, een arrestatiebevel uitgevaardigd tegen van Harn. Hij werd gepakt in in zijn eigen huis opgesloten en bewaakt. Hij wist echter via een raam te ontsnappen en dook onder. Tijdens het proces probeerde hij zich nog schriftelijk te verdedigen, maar hij werd op 20 februari 1709 bij vonnis van de Raad van State bij verstek veroordeeld wegens hagemunterij. De straf was niet mals; hij werd voor eeuwig verbannen uit de Republiek en al zijn bezittingen, in Grave en Nijmegen, werden verbeurd verklaard. Gerard van Harn overleed spoedig daarna ergens in het jaar 1710.
Een groot deel van de daalderproductie uit 1704 is geslagen over reeds geslagen daalders met het jaartal 1703. In dit geval dus letterlijk een overslag en geen jaartalwijziging. Daarbij sloeg men vaak de voorzijde over de keerzijde en visa versa. De sporen van de onderliggende munt zijn dan ook nog duidelijk zichtbaar. Daalders uit 1704 waarbij dit niet is gebeurd komen maar weinig voor en zijn beduidend zeldzamer dan de overgeslagen stukken.
Delmonte 1078 ; Verkade 21.5 ; Passon 84 ; HNPM.12 ; CNM.2.36.23 R
Mooi exemplaar met een licht patina.
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HADRIANUS (HADRIAN), 117-138 - SYRIA, CHALCIDICE, CHALCIS AD BELUM- AE 22, year 25 (117 AD)
weight 12,68gr. ; bronze Ø 22mm.
obv. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Hadrianus right,
with paludamentum, surrounded by the legend;
ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙϹ Θ ΤΡΑ ΥΙ Θ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ - ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹƐΒ
rev. ΦΛ ΧΑΛ / ΚΙΔΕⲰΝ / Κ Є within laurel-wreath
Dated year 25 (117 AD) according to the Era of Chalcis.
According to Appian, Chalcis (modern-today Qinnasrin, Syria) was founded by Seleucus I Nicator (305-281 BC), and named after Chalcis in Euboea. Chalcis was distinguished from Chalcis sub Libanum by its river, the ancient Belus. The river, but not the city, was named for the Semitic god Bel or Ba′al. In 92 AD, Chalcis received the title ″Flavia″, in honor of Emperor Domitian, to be known as ″Flavia of the Chalcidonese″. The city was a Christian bishopric from an early stage, at first a suffragan of Seleucia Pieria. In Late Antiquity, it belonged to the province of Syria Prima. Its importance was due to its strategic location, both as a caravan stop and as part of the frontier zone (limes) with the desert. In 540, the Sassanid shah Khusro I appeared before the city and extracted 200 pounds of gold as ransom in return for sparing the city. This prompted the Emperor Justinian I to order its fortifications rebuilt, a work undertaken by Isidore the Younger (a nephew of Isidore of Miletus) in circa 550. The Sassanids occupied the city in 608/9, during the Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628, and kept it until the war′s end. Barely ten years later, in 636/7, it fell to the Arabs after a brief resistance. During the second half of the 10th century, the city became a frequent conflict zone between the Byzantines and Hamdanids during the latter stages of the Arab–Byzantine wars. In 963 the inhabitants were evacuated, though they returned afterward. The city was destroyed by the Byzantines in 998. It was rebuilt, but once more sacked by the Byzantines in 1030. It remained as a barely populated, but strategic town during the Crusader period.
BMC page 148, 7var. ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; CRS 437/16 var.
RPC.III.3473 (7 specimens listed) ; Sear GIC- (cf. 1236) RR
Dark patina. Very rare.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC - LUCIUS MARCIUS PHILIPPUS (step-brother of Augustus) - AR Denarius, Rome (56 BC)
weight 3,89gr. ; silver Ø 18,5mm.
obv. Diademed head of King Ancus Marcius right, lituus behind, ANCVS below
rev. Aquaduct (the Aqua Marcia) represented as an arcade of five arches
surmounted by equestrian statue right, A-Q-V-A- MAR(monogram) within
the arches, PHILIPPVS on left
The reverse of this coin commemorates the construction in 144 BC of the Aqua Marcia by Q.Marcius, whose statue appears above the aquaduct.
Lucius Marcius Philippus was a member of a Roman senatorial family. He was a descendant of Roman King Ancus Marcius. A member of the plebeian branch of the Marcia family, Philippus was the son of Lucius Marcius Philippus, the consul of 56 BC and a close friend of Cicero. By 50 BC, he had possibly become an Augur, one of the priests of ancient Rome. In 49 BC he was elected as Plebeian Tribune, where he vetoed the proposal to send Faustus Sulla, Pompey′s son-in-law, as propraetor to Mauretania, to persuade kings Bocchus II and Bogud to side with Pompey and abandon Julius Caesar. In 44 BC he was elected praetor, and although he was granted a province to administer after his term had finished, he refused to accept the validity of the allotment of provinces agreed to in a Senate meeting of November 28, 44 BC. With his father′s marriage to Atia Balba Caesonia, he became step-brother to Octavianus, Julius Caesar′s heir. His father used his influence to help Philippus to obtain the consulate as one of the suffect consuls of 38 BC; nevertheless, during his consulate Philippus did not declare himself openly for his step-brother in Octavianus′s rivalry with Mark Antony. By 35 BC, he was appointed the proconsular governor of one of the two provinces of Hispania. After serving there for two years, he returned to Rome, where he was awarded a triumph which he celebrated on April 27, 33 BC for his actions while governor. With the spoils of his victories, he restored the temple of Hercules and the Muses in the Circus Flaminius. Philippus did not appear to have any living sons to succeed him. Philippus married Atia, daughter of Julia Minor and Marcus Atius Balbus and maternal aunt of Augustus. She bore him a daughter Marcia, who later married Paullus Fabius Maximus. Marcia had one son and possibly one daughter: Paullus Fabius Persicus and Fabia Numantina, who may have been the daughter of Maximus′ brother Africanus Fabius Maximus.
Crawford 425/1 ; Sydenham 919 ; Albert 1346 ; Sear 382
(cf. NAC, auction 73, lot 163 xf/unc; CHF 2.500 + 18%)
Very attractive coin with dark toning.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC - DECIMUS JUNIUS SILANUS, LUCII FILIUS - AR Denarius, Rome (91 BC)
weight 3,86gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Helmeted head of Roma right, K behind
rev. Victory in biga right, V above, D SILANVS L F ROMA in exergue
The gens Junia was one of the most celebrated families at Rome. The gens may originally have been patrician. The family was already prominent in the last days of the Roman monarchy. Lucius Junius Brutus was the nephew of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last King of Rome, and on the expulsion of Tarquin in 509 BC, he became one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic.
Decimus Junius Silanus was the son of M. Junius Silanus, who commanded the army that was defeated by the Germanic Cimbri in Transalpine Gaul. Decimus was the stepfather of Marcus Brutus, the murderer of Caesar, having married his mother Servilia. He was elected consul in 63 for the following year ; and in consequence of his being consul designatus, he was first asked for his opinion by Cicero in the debate in the senate on the punishment of the Catilinarian conspirators. He was consul 62, with L. Licinius Morena, along with whom he proposed the Lex Licinia Julia.
Sear 225 ; Crawford 337-3 ; Sydenham 646 ; Albert 1161
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - REPUBLIEK, 1581-1795 - NEDERLANDS OOST-INDIË (DUTCH EAST INDIES) - U.E.I.C. - 2 Kepings 1783 (AH1197), Calcutta
gewicht 4,33gr. ; koper Ø 20mm.
Met gladde rand.
vz. Het embleem van de U.E.I.C (United East India Company),
daarboven een 4, eronder 1783
kz. De waardeaanduiding in het Maleis “Doewa kèpèng”,
het cijfer 2, en de Hedsjra datum 1197.
Na het uitbreken van de Vierde Engelse Oorlog in 1780, tussen Engeland en de Republiek, werden Nederlandse bezittingen in de Oost ook doelwit van aanval door de Engelsen. Daarbij gingen Padang en alle overige vestingen op de westkust van Sumatra voor de Republiek verloren. De oorlog met Engeland werd in 1784 beëindigd, maar pas in 1788 keerde ook het Nederlands bestuur weer terug. In de periode 1781-1787 hebben de Engelsen, in naam van de United East India Company, munten geslagen voor gebruik in deze regio (Sumatra, Borneo en Malakka).
Struck by the United East India Company (U.E.I.C.), when Dutch territories in the East were occupied by the English (1781-1787), during and after the Fourth English-Dutch war (1780-1784).
Enkele lichte krasjes, doch voor dit munttype van een bijzonder
mooie kwaliteit. Zeldzaam in deze staat.
Some very minor scratches, but for the type of
exceptionnal high quality. Rare this nice.
Scholten 944 ; KM.256
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