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Welcome to the website of Munthandel G. Henzen. With the navigation-frame you can select a part of our collection. If you click on a photo an enlargement will appear. Does a coin appeal to you then you can order it by clicking on order. The coins you wish to order will be collected on an order form. After you have completed your order you can simply e-mail the order form to us. We will confirm your order by sending an invoice. After receipt of full payment, the coin(s) will be sent to you. There is also the possibility to view the coins at our office by making an appointment.
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We hope you will enjoy viewing our website and we hope you will find something of your interest.
Gijs Henzen
Current events and historical facts that we would like to highlight:
On 7 June, Israeli IDF terrorists murdered a Palestinian baby by shooting it in the head. This soldier will likely receive a medal for his heroic merits. It took place in the occupied West Bank. The parents were also injured but survived this terrorist attack. That was probably not the intention. To compensate, Israeli IDF terrorists subsequently dropped some bombs on innocent Palestinians in the Gaza Strip that same day, resulting in 7 deaths. So they met their quota again that day after all. They always claim that the victims are Hamas fighters, even when it involves women, the elderly, and babies. But to this day, Israel has never been caught telling the truth. Tomorrow they will continue their genocide, and Europe and the US are doing nothing. What cruel and murderous scum they are. Which idiots support this satanic country...?
The current situation in Iran sometimes reminds me of Croesus. He had managed to significantly expand his kingdom of Lydia and bring important Greek cities on the west coast of Asia Minor under his control. His wealth reached mythical proportions. Now the idea occurred to him to expand his Empire to the east as well, where the Persians ruled. His reasoning must have been to seek advice first, and he went to consult in Delphi, where he asked the Oracle whether he should go to war against Cyrus II of Persia. The Oracle gave the famous, ambiguous answer that if he were to cross the River Halys, he would "destroy a great empire." That reassured Croesus, who could not be denied a certain degree of overconfidence. He assembled a large army and marched east. The first confrontation with the Persians took place in Cappadocia, during the Battle of Pteria (547 BC), and ended inconclusively for the time being. But things did not go well for Croesus′s army. Cyrus pursued Croesus to Lydia and inflicted a crushing defeat upon him on the plain north of Sardis in the Battle of Thymbra (December 547 BC). But Croesus′s misery grew even greater. After a fourteen-day siege, the capital of the Lydian Empire, Sardis, was captured and Croesus was taken prisoner. According to tradition (including that of Herodotus), Croesus was burned at the stake but was ultimately spared by Cyrus. A magnanimous gesture. The Empire that was destroyed was his own Empire, and not, as he had understood the Oracle in his arrogance, the Persian Empire.....
Translated to the present day, we can state that Trump, also "somewhat" overconfident and certainly not the smartest, allowed himself to be advised by false prophets and warmongers like Bibi Netanyahu and Pete Hegseth, who promised Trump a quick and victorious victory over Iran (the Persians). Nothing could have been further from the truth. His attack on Iran became a major debacle. For the US, it is yet another military and political humiliation and defeat in which no other country supports or comes to its aid, except, of course, the terror state of Israel, which is kept afloat entirely by the US. The US is a superpower in decline, and current political and military policy can be seen as a catalyst in that development. Israel has since developed into a pariah, from which the world—including the US and Europe—will eventually wash its hands. It′s horrific crimes can no longer be defended or justified. The downfall of Israel is a matter of time...
Iran is one of the great pillars of Islam, and the Islamic regime therefore did not appear out of nowhere. It is certainly not a Western state, but that does not work to its disadvantage. The country possesses a cultural richness, civilization, and glorious history that makes that of the US pale in comparison. The idea that Europe and the US can once again install a vassal king (Shah) there who will dance entirely to their tune and pursue Western policies is a utopian notion. MI6 and the CIA succeeded in doing so in 1953, when they ousted the democratic Mossadeq through a coup and made Reza Pahlavi, who until then had very limited power, supreme in Iran. It became a dictatorial terror state, with some 100,000 political prisoners in the 1970s. There are individuals from the camp of the former dictatorial Shah regime who want to repeat this trick, this time with the eponymous son of the old Shah. Iranians who have publicly opposed that idea are threatened with death. That speaks volumes about the intentions of the "young" Reza Pahlavi and his followers. Consequently, they are supported by the US and Israel—the Zionist camp, in other words. A recipe for chaos, death, and destruction. So, don′t do it. Twice, the West has nipped democratic developments in Iran in the bud: shortly after World War I and in 1953. The Iranian population is therefore not entirely unfamiliar with democracy, and there will be a third chance. Democratic developments must originate from Iran itself, not from the West. In the Netherlands, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Uri Rosenthal (VVD) plays a very reprehensible role in this regard, promoting the return of the Shah. He is a fervent supporter of Zionism who constantly justifies Israel′s acts of terror and downplays or even denies the genocide against the Palestinians, which no sensible person doubts anymore. The VVD should tar and feather such an idiot from the party....
How is it possible that there are still people who harbor any sympathy for Israel? If there are still Christians who support Israel, then they have understood little of Christianity and Judaism. Modern Israel has little to do with religious Judaism or Biblical Israel and is even in conflict with it. There are few countries as cruel and murderous as this racist apartheid state of European settlers (so-called Zionists). They have now devised yet another racist law so that they can murder Palestinians according to their corrupt legislation. One must bear in mind that there are also many thousands of Palestinians in Israeli prisons without any legitimate reason. They were simply arrested arbitrarily because the Israelis can do so. There is no one preventing them from doing so. Palestinians are without any rights in Israel. Rape and torture are commonplace, and confessions made under those circumstances have no legal validity whatsoever, yet they could soon cost innocent Palestinians their lives. Israel has now also set its sights on Lebanon, where, just as in Gaza, innocent civilians are being driven from their villages and homes or murdered. All this in the context of the formation of a "Greater Israel," an idiotic notion of religious fanatics who currently determine policy in Israel. Genocide, mass murders, torture, rape, theft of land and property, starvation, sadism—Israel practices all of this on a large scale, and the international community does nothing. Why economic sanctions for Russia and Iran and not for Israel? Israel is at least as criminal, not just for a few years, but since its inception in 1948. Israel is a total failed project that should never have existed in this form. What and who gave the Zionists, settlers from Europe, the right to steal the land and homes from the Palestinian population—the rightful inhabitants of Palestine. Zionism is the greatest cause of current antisemitism. Antisemitism must be combated at all times, and therefore Zionism as well. In fact, the formation of the State of Israel, with all its crimes, is a kick in the teeth for all victims of the Shoah. After all, the State of Israel is doing exactly the same thing as the Nazi regime, only now the Palestinians are the victims. The Jewish victims of the Shoah are turning in their graves! They are being humiliated again, this time by the Zionists. Moreover, Israel is a constant threat to the entire Middle East. This satellite state of Europe and the US does not belong there and is a malignant tumor for the region. It is a terrorist state of aggression, supported by the US and Europe. A two-state solution is an absolute utopia because there has never been, and never will be, an equal and just distribution of land and goods. For that reason, Israel should never have been recognized as a state. It is murderous, racist, and it promotes antisemitism. That was a huge mistake. Palestine can be the home for the original inhabitants of this region, such as Palestinians, Christians, and Arab Jews. They lived together there in peace for about 2,000 years, until European settlers, particularly Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe, completely disrupted that hegemony and established a racist apartheid state in 1948, sowing death and destruction throughout the wider region.....
Don′t think that Israel will stop murdering, oppressing, and expelling the rightful inhabitants of Palestine, the Palestinians. The genocide of the Palestinians and the theft of Palestinian land continues unabated, and the murderous Zionist settlers are not being hindered in the slightest by the Israeli government. On the contrary, they are being supported by the terrorists of the IDF. The Israeli justice system is completely rotten. It is part of the genocide that has been ongoing since 1947/1948 (Nakba), yet the international community has turned a blind eye for 60 years and continues to support the murderers. A gross scandal. Get to know the facts and support the Palestinians!
Glaubt nicht, dass Israel mit dem Morden, Unterdrücken und Vertreiben der rechtmäßigen Bewohner Palästinas, der Palästinenser, aufhören wird. Der Völkermord an den Palästinensern und der Diebstahl palästinensischen Landes gehen ungebremst weiter, und die mörderischen zionistischen Siedler werden von der israelischen Regierung nicht im Geringsten behindert. Im Gegenteil, sie werden von den Terroristen der israelischen Armee (IDF) unterstützt. Das israelische Justizsystem ist völlig korrupt. Es ist Teil des Völkermords, der seit 1947/48 (Nakba) andauert, doch die internationale Gemeinschaft hat 60 Jahre lang weggesehen und unterstützt die Mörder weiterhin. Ein ungeheurer Skandal. Informiert euch über die Fakten und unterstützt die Palästinenser!
Many Dutch people did not or did not sufficiently resist the genocide of the Jews in 1940-1945. This is now happening to the Palestinians. Do not make the same mistake; DO NOT SIT STILL AND TAKE ACTION AGAINST THIS GREAT INJUSTICE:
SUPPORT: https://rightsforum.org
It is everyone′s duty, regardless of profession, status, or social position, to speak out against the murderers and oppressors of this world, Whether it′s Trump, Putin, Netanyahu, or Xi Jinping. As soon as we remain silent, we give them a free pass, and ultimately, we are all victims. What is a human being without humanity, justice, and compassion? Don′t be a coward but speak out against injustice!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=211f_Z5KYy8
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AEOLIS, MYRINA - AR Tetradrachme, 2nd Century BC
weight 16,76gr. ; silver Ø 36mm.
obv. Laureate head of Apollo of Grynion right
rev. Apollo of Grynion standing right, holding phiale and laurel-branch
with fillets; Omphalos and amphora at feet, behind monogram and
MYPINAIΩN, the whole in laurel-wreath
Myrina was a Greek city on the coast of Aeolis, about 37 km SW of Pergamon. Apart from a legendary foundation by Myrina, queen of the Amazons, little is known of the city′s origin or of its settlement by Greeks. The city was probably by founded by one Myrinus before the other Aeolian cities. Possibly he was from Thessaly. Myrina was a very strong place, though not very large, and had a good harbor. An inscription tells us that Myrina formed part of the Kingdom of Pergamon in the 3rd century BC. For some time Myrina was occupied by Philip V of Macedon; but the Romans compelled him to evacuate it, and declared the place free. Under Roman rule, Myrina was part of the Roman province of Asia Prima. It twice suffered severe earthquakes; first in the reign of Tiberius (17 AD), on which occasion it received a remission of duties on account of the loss it had sustained; and a second time in the reign of Trajan (106 AD). The town was restored each time, and continued to exist until a late period. It was the birthplace of Agathias, a Byzantine poet and historian of the 6th century. Myrina minted coins in Antiquity, some of which survived. Around 20 AD, Myrina minted a coin celebrating the betrothal of Claudius Drusus, son of the future emperor Claudius, to a daughter of Sejanus, commander of the Praetorian Guard under Tiberius.
The site of Myrina was discovered at the mouth of the river that was the ancient Pythicos, whose alluvia have covered what was the city′s harbour. Excavations (1880-1882) brought to light about four thousand tombs, dating from the last two centuries BC, in which were found numerous objects representing the divinities of the Greek pantheon; small bronze coins for Charon′s fare, plates and bottles for the dead man′s food and drink, mirrors, needles, lamps and other objects of daily use, and over 1000 terracotta figurines rivaling those of Tanagra. children′s toys, reproductions of famous works, etc.: most of these may be seen today in the Museum of the Louvre.
Otherwise Myrina is known almost solely for the famous temple and oracle of Apollo at Gryneion. The ruins are scanty. The city was built on two hills of modest height at the mouth of the river Pythikos or Titnaios, now the Guzelhisar Cayi. The main occupation was on the larger E hill, where there are slight remains of a polygonal circuit wall and more conspicuous remains of a Byzantine wall. At the West foot of this hill is a hollow which probably held a theater, though nothing visible survives. The smaller hill is terraced and was evidently occupied in antiquity, but here again nothing is standing. On the shore are remains of an ancient quay, interesting for the projecting blocks pierced with a round hole by means of which vessels were moored.
This silver tetradrachm was issued during the mid-2nd century BC. Located on the western coast of Asia Minor, Myrina was part of the Aeolian confederation and produced coinage that reflected both local autonomy and broader Hellenistic artistic traditions. The tetradrachm denomination served as a major trade coin throughout the Greek world during this prosperous period.
The obverse features a magnificent portrait of Apollo of Gryneion facing right, his flowing hair crowned with a laurel wreath, displaying the masterful die work characteristic of Hellenistic engraving. The reverse depicts Apollo standing within a laurel wreath, holding a bow and arrow, with the city′s ethnic inscription ΜΥΡΙΝΑΙΩΝ (Myrinaion) clearly visible. The design showcases strong relief and well-defined details throughout both sides.
BMC 3 ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; SNG. von Aulock 1660 ; Sachs 38
Very minor traces of oxidation but wonderful coin
of great classical style and fineness. Near mintstate.
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ANTONINUS PIUS, 138-161 - AR Denarius, Rome (154-155)
weight 3,67gr. ; silver Ø 17mm.
obv. Laureate head of Antoninus right, surrounded by the legend;
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVIII
rev. Vesta, standing left, sacrificing with patera in right hand near
altar and holding palladium in left surrounded by the legend; COS IIII
Antoninus explicitly earned the cognomen ″Pius″ due to his profound respect for Roman state religion and traditions. Depicting Vesta performing a sacrifice reflects the Emperor′s dutiful nature and the religious harmony of his rule. Vesta was the guardian of the home, hearth, and collective flame of Rome. Her presence on imperial coinage assured the citizenry that the foundation of the empire was safe, stable, and protected by the gods.
The palladium tucked into Vesta′s arm represents the mythical statue brought by Aeneas from the ruins of Troy. In Roman belief, as long as the Palladium remained safe within Vesta′s custody, the Roman state could never fall. This reinforced a powerful political message of an unshakeable, eternal empire (Aeternitas Imperii).
Unlike his expansionist predecessors, Antoninus Pius favored peace over military campaigns. Utilizing Vesta, a goddess deeply rooted in domestic life, stability, and family values, symbolized a golden era of peaceful, internal prosperity throughout the Roman world.
Cohen 201 ; RIC 238 ; BMC 829 ; cf. Sear 4065
very attractive specimen with beautiful toning
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VESPASIANUS (VESPASIAN), 69-79 - AR Denarius, Rome (74)
weight 3,19gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Laureate head of Vespasianus right, surrounded by the legend;
IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG
rev. Winged caduceus, surrounded by the legend; PON MAX TR P COS V
When Vespasianus assumed power in 69 AD, the Roman treasury was entirely depleted due to Nero′s extravagance and the ensuing civil conflicts. However, Vespasianus was the son of a Roman customs official; he calculated that he needed 40 billion sestertii to rehabilitate the state finances. This was an enormous amount of money, equivalent to 400 millions of Roman gold coins, or to 3.000 tons of gold. The caduceus on the reverse directly promoted Vespasianus′ intensive efforts to revitalize the economy, increase tax revenue, and stimulate imperial trade.
To fill the severely depleted Roman treasury after a devastating civil war, Emperor Vespasianus enacted a series of aggressive financial reforms and new taxes, most famously reviving the urine tax (vectigal urinae). A tax on the disposal of urine, an important ingredient to the Roman chemical industry, was first imposed by Emperor Nero under the name of vectigal urinae in the first century AD. The tax was removed after a while, but Vespasianus re-enacted it around 70 AD in order to fill the treasury. Vespasianus imposed a urine tax on the distribution of urine from Rome′s public urinals (the Roman lower classes urinated into pots, which were later emptied into cesspools). The urine collected from these public urinals was sold as an ingredient for several chemical processes. It was used in tanning, wool production, and also by launderers as a source of ammonia to clean and whiten woollen togas. The buyers of the urine paid the tax.
The Roman historian Suetonius reports that when Vespasianus′ son Titus complained about the disgusting nature of the tax, his father held up a gold coin to his nose and asked whether he felt offended by its smell (sciscitans num odore offenderetur). When Titus said "No", Vespasianus replied, "Yet it comes from urine" (Atqui ex lotio est), "Pecunia non olet" ("Money does not stink"). The phrase pecunia non olet is still used today to say that the value of money is not tainted by its origins. Vespasianus′ name still attaches to public urinals in Italy (vespasiano) and France (vespasienne)
As the attributes of Mercury, the Roman god of trade, messengers, and financial gain, the winged caduceus carried specific political and economic propaganda following a period of intense civil war. The caduceus was originally a herald′s staff used to broker treaties and harmony. Placed on Flavian coinage shortly after the chaotic "Year of the Four Emperors" (69 AD), it silently messaged to the populace that stability, consensus, and peace had been firmly reestablished under the new Flavian dynasty.
Cohen 362 ; RIC II¹ 75 ; RIC II² 703 ; BMC 138 ; Sear 2299
very minor traces of oxidation
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AUGUSTUS, 27 BC-14 AD - AR Denarius, Colonia Patricia (18-17 BC)
weight 3,64gr. ; silver Ø 19mm.
obv. Bare head of Augustus right, S P Q R CAESARI behind, AVGVSTO in front
rev. Mars, helmeted and cloaked, standing left, holding vexillum in right
hand and parazonium on left shoulder, surrounded by the legend;
VOT•P•SVSC•PRO•SAL•ET•RED•I•O•M•SACR
This legend is an abbreviation of;
Vota publice suscepta pro salute et reditu Jovi optimo maximo sacrata
This refers to the vows undertaken to Jupiter Optimus Maximus for the health and safe return of Augustus prior to his departure for Gaul in 16 BC.
Cordova, a city in Andalusia was the first colony planted by the Romans in Spain. Its original name was Corduba. When it was made a Roman colony it was renamed Colonia Patricia, to honor the veterans and worthy men who settled it, to whom honor was due, as to Fathers (Patribus). Augustus visted Patricia in 15 or 14 BC.
♦ superp portrait of Augustus ♦
Cohen 321 ; RIC 148 ; BMC 441 ; Sear- R
Very minor traces of oxidation on reverse.
Wonderful coin with excellent portrait and attractive toning.
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ITALIA - CORREGGIO, COUNTY - ANONYMOUS - PERIOD OF CAMILLO, GIBERTO & FABRIZIO, 1569-1580 - Giulio da 8 soldi n.d.
weight 2,81gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Saint Quirinus standing facing with a staff in his left hand,
A / I•S in lower left field, 8 in cartouche below, surrounded by
the legend; •S•QVIRINVS • - •EPS•CORRIG•PRO
rev. Coat of arms in an ornate cartouche, surrounded by
the legend; COMITES - CORRIGII
Saint Quirinus (known locally as San Quirino) is the patron saint of Correggio, a town in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. He serves as the primary spiritual protector and historical anchor for the municipality, tying the town′s religious history directly to early Christian martyrdom.
According to historical and hagiographical traditions, the relics of Saint Quirinus of Sescia (a 4th-century bishop and martyr) were translated to various locations across Europe during early medieval geopolitical shifts, with a significant portion of his relics eventually being housed in Correggio. As the official patron saint, Correggio celebrates his feast day annually on 4 June.
The Basilica of Saint Quirino is standing as the spiritual heart of the city. This major church is dedicated to the patron saint. The current Renaissance structure was started in 1516 by the ruling lords of the city and consecrated in 1587, replacing an older, 12th-century church dedicated to him. It holds a precious 15th-century ivory reliquary chest inside its treasures.
CNI 51/70 ; MIR (Varesi), Emilia,p.33, no.108/1 R
Partially weakly struck. Rare.
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ITALY - MODENA, DUCHY - ALFONSO II D’ESTE, 1559-1597 - Giulio n.d.
weight 2,72gr. ; silver Ø 27mm.
obv. Saint Geminian standing frontally, the city of Modena in his
right hand and a bishop′s staff in his left, surrounded by the legend;
S GEMINIAN - MVTINEN•PON
rev. Crowned eagle standing frontally, head facing left,
surrounded by the legend; • ✼ • NOBILITAS • ESTENSIS
Alfonso II was born on 22 November 1533 as the elder son of Ercole II d′Este and Renée de France, the daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany, and was the fifth and last Duke of Ferrara. As a young man, Alfonso fought in the service of Henry II of France against the Habsburgs. Soon after his accession, he was forced by Pope Pius IV to send his mother back to France due to her increasingly Calvinist beliefs. The 1570 Ferrara earthquake occurred during his reign. In 1583, he allied with Emperor Rudolf II in the war against the Turks in Hungary.
The court of Alfonso was a centre for the development of secular music, both in Italy and Europe at large. He assembled the concerto delle donne, a chorus of women performing for the entertainment of Alfonso and his court. Alfonso II raised the glory of Ferrara to its highest point, and was the patron of Torquato Tasso, Giovanni Battista Guarini, and Cesare Cremonini, favouring the arts and sciences, as the princes of his house had always done. Besides being fluent in Italian, he was also proficient in Latin and French. Luzzasco Luzzaschi served as his court organist. In addition, he was the sponsor of the Concerto delle donne, a type of group which was to be copied all over Italy. He also restored the Castello Estense, damaged by an earthquake in 1570.
The legitimate line of the House of Este ended with his death on 27 October 1597. Alfonso married three times, but had no known children. Emperor Rudolf II recognised as heir his cousin Cesare d′Este, member of a cadet branch, who continued to rule in the imperial duchies and carried on the family name. The succession as duke of Este, however, was recognised only by the emperor but not by the popes. In 1598, Ferrara was therefore incorporated into the Papal States by Pope Clement VIII, on grounds of doubtful legitimacy. As a result of Alfonso′s death, Cesare d′Este and his family were "obliged to leave the city", and the power of the government was there after turned over to the cardinal legate.
M.I.R.662 (R4) ; CNI 36 RRRR
Partially weakly struck. Extremely rare.
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NOORDERLIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - HERTOGDOM GELRE - STATEN VAN GELRE, 1577-1585 - Statenoord z.j. (1578-1579), Nijmegen
gewicht 5,42gr. ; koper Ø 25,5mm.
muntmeester Jacob Dirksz. Alewijn
muntteken: herkruist kruis (zgn. Gelders kruis)
vz. Geharnast borstbeeld van Philips II naar rechts binnen een
parelcirkel, daaronder + ✥ +, omringd door de tekst;
PHS•D:G•HISP Z REX•DVX GEL
kz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië omhangen met
de keten van de Orde van het Gulden Vlies, omringd door de tekst;
•PACE ET - IVSTITIA•
Na de Pacificatie van Gent in 1576 werd door de Staten-Generaal besloten tot de uitgifte van uniforme munten. Naast zilverstukken, die belangrijk boven intrinsieke waarde werden uitgegeven t.b.v. de oorlogskas in de strijd tegen Spanje, besloot men ook tot aanmunting van kopergeld. Philips II werd in naam, en dus ook op deze munten, nog wel erkend maar diens persoonlijke devies ″DOMINVS MIHI ADVITOR″ (de heer is mijn helper) werd vervangen door de politieke leus ″PACE ET IVSTITIA″ (vrede en rechtvaardigheid).
In de jaren 1578-1579 werden 63.104 stuks oorden aangemunt. Schaars.
van Gelder & Hoc 252-6 ; Verkade 18.3 ; CNM.2.17.50 ; Vanhoudt 381.NIJ S
zwaktes van de slag en lichte sporen van oxidatie
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - WILLEM I FLAMENS “VAN PONT”, 1054-1076 - Penning z.j., Utrecht
gewicht 0,61gr. ; zilver Ø 18mm.
vz. Halflang figuur van bisschop frontaal met kruisscepter
en kromstaf, links •• / o / •, binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd
door een verbasterde tekst.
kz. Stadsmuur met daarboven ECT binnen een gladde cirkel,
omringd door een verbasterde tekst
Willem I Flamens ″van Pont″ (ook wel "van Gelder") werd rond 1024 geboren en stamde uit het geslacht van de Flamenses die rond 1020 vluchtten uit het graafschap Vlaanderen en van keizer Hendrik (1002-1024) het kasteel en land Wassenberg in leen kreeg. Dit ter compensatie van hun goederen Vlaanderen, die door graaf Boudewijn IV van Vlaanderen in bezit genomen waren. Zijn vader zou Gerard II Flamens zijn en zijn grootvader Gerard I Flamens, de stamvader van de latere graven en hertogen van Gelre. Hij was een oom van de eerste graaf van het graafschap Gelre, Gerard I ′de Lange′. Binnen het gebied dat de Flamenses hadden verkregen lag de nederzetting Pont (thans deel uitmakend van het Duitse stadje Geldern), dat was gelegen in de buurt van de samenvloeiing van de stromen Fleuth en Niers. De naam Pont zou terug kunnen gaan op een Romeinse brug.
De muntslag van Willem van Pont kenmerkt zich door een buitengewoon primitieve stijl. Munten uit Engeland en Frankrijk uit deze periode zijn in de regel veel beter uitgevoerd, met fraaie beeldenaars en goed uitgevoerde teksten. Waarom munten uit de Nederlanden en ook de Duitse gebieden qua techniek zoveel minder zijn ontwikkeld is onduidelijk. Blijkbaar was er weinig sprake van uitwisseling van die vaardigheid. De teksten die we aantreffen op dit munttype zijn vaak dermate sterk verbasterd en gebrekkig geslagen, dat geen plausibele tekst is vast te stellen. Er bestaan binnen dit type taltijke variaties in de teksten en bijtekens. In de regel wordt dit munttype toegeschreven aan de muntplaats Utrecht, maar het is goed mogelijk dat het in meerdere ateliers werd geslagen.
vgl. van der Chijs I, 8 ; vgl. Dannenberg 545a ; Ilisch 10.10
gebruikelijk zwaktes van de slag
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - WILLEM I FLAMENS “VAN PONT”, 1054-1076 - Penning z.j., Utrecht
gewicht 0,71gr. ; zilver Ø 17mm.
vz. Halflang figuur van bisschop frontaal met kruisscepter
en kromstaf, links •• / ∘ / •, binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd
door een verbasterde tekst.
kz. Stadsmuur met daarboven A / ECT binnen een gladde cirkel,
omringd door een verbasterde tekst
Willem I Flamens ″van Pont″ (ook wel "van Gelder") werd rond 1024 geboren en stamde uit het geslacht van de Flamenses die rond 1020 vluchtten uit het graafschap Vlaanderen en van keizer Hendrik (1002-1024) het kasteel en land Wassenberg in leen kreeg. Dit ter compensatie van hun goederen Vlaanderen, die door graaf Boudewijn IV van Vlaanderen in bezit genomen waren. Zijn vader zou Gerard II Flamens zijn en zijn grootvader Gerard I Flamens, de stamvader van de latere graven en hertogen van Gelre. Hij was een oom van de eerste graaf van het graafschap Gelre, Gerard I ′de Lange′. Binnen het gebied dat de Flamenses hadden verkregen lag de nederzetting Pont (thans deel uitmakend van het Duitse stadje Geldern), dat was gelegen in de buurt van de samenvloeiing van de stromen Fleuth en Niers. De naam Pont zou terug kunnen gaan op een Romeinse brug.
De muntslag van Willem van Pont kenmerkt zich door een buitengewoon primitieve stijl. Munten uit Engeland en Frankrijk uit deze periode zijn in de regel veel beter uitgevoerd, met fraaie beeldenaars en goed uitgevoerde teksten. Waarom munten uit de Nederlanden en ook de Duitse gebieden qua techniek zoveel minder zijn ontwikkeld is onduidelijk. Blijkbaar was er weinig sprake van uitwisseling van die vaardigheid. De teksten die we aantreffen op dit munttype zijn vaak dermate sterk verbasterd en gebrekkig geslagen, dat geen plausibele tekst is vast te stellen. Er bestaan binnen dit type taltijke variaties in de teksten en bijtekens. In de regel wordt dit munttype toegeschreven aan de muntplaats Utrecht, maar het is goed mogelijk dat het in meerdere ateliers werd geslagen.
vgl. van der Chijs I, 8 ; vgl. Dannenberg 545a ; Ilisch 10.10
gebruikelijk zwaktes van de slag
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - WILLEM I FLAMENS “VAN PONT”, 1054-1076 - Penning z.j., Utrecht
gewicht 0,45gr. ; zilver Ø 17mm.
vz. Halflang figuur van bisschop frontaal met kruisscepter en kromstaf,
links •• / ∙ / •, binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd door een verbasterde tekst;
kz. Stadsmuur met daarboven ∘ ∘ / ECT binnen een gladde cirkel,
omringd door een verbasterde tekst
Willem I Flamens ″van Pont″ (ook wel "van Gelder") werd rond 1024 geboren en stamde uit het geslacht van de Flamenses die rond 1020 vluchtten uit het graafschap Vlaanderen en van keizer Hendrik (1002-1024) het kasteel en land Wassenberg in leen kreeg. Dit ter compensatie van hun goederen Vlaanderen, die door graaf Boudewijn IV van Vlaanderen in bezit genomen waren. Zijn vader zou Gerard II Flamens zijn en zijn grootvader Gerard I Flamens, de stamvader van de latere graven en hertogen van Gelre. Hij was een oom van de eerste graaf van het graafschap Gelre, Gerard I ′de Lange′. Binnen het gebied dat de Flamenses hadden verkregen lag de nederzetting Pont (thans deel uitmakend van het Duitse stadje Geldern), dat was gelegen in de buurt de de samenvloeiing van de stromen Fleuth en Niers. De naam Pont zou terug kunnen gaan op een Romeinse brug.
De muntslag van Willem van Pont kenmerkt zich door een buitengewoon primitieve stijl. Munten uit Engeland en Frankrijk uit deze periode zijn in de regel veel beter uitgevoerd, met fraaie beeldenaars en goed uitgevoerde teksten. Waarom munten uit de Nederlanden en ook de Duitse gebieden qua techniek zoveel minder zijn ontwikkeld is onduidelijk. Blijkbaar was er weinig sprake van uitwisseling van die vaardigheid. De teksten die we aantreffen op dit munttype zijn vaak dermate sterk verbasterd en gebrekkig geslagen, dat geen plausibele tekst is vast te stellen. Er bestaan binnen dit type taltijke variaties in de teksten en bijtekens. In de regel wordt dit munttype toegeschreven aan de muntplaats Utrecht, maar het is goed mogelijk dat het in meerdere ateliers werd geslagen.
vgl. van der Chijs I, 8 ; vgl. Dannenberg 545a ; Ilisch 10.9
Gebruikelijk zwaktes van de slag, doch nauwelijks
gecirculeerd exemplaar met zeer scherpe details.
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - BERNOLD, 1027-1054 - Penning z.j., Groningen (circa 1040-1054)
gewicht 0,70gr. ; zilver Ø 17mm.
vz. Kromstaf met daarnaast de tekst BACV / LVS binnen een
gladde cirkel, omringd door de tekst: ✠ ERNOLORVR SPS
(verbastering van BERNOLDVS EPC)
kz. Kort gevoet kruis met kogels in de hoeken binnen een gladde
cirkel, omringd door de tekst: ✠GROИIGGEΛѠ
Het Latijnse word ′baculus′ betekent staf of stok, waarmee in dit geval de bisschopsstaf wordt bedoeld. De bisschopstaf (Baculus pastoralis) duidt de herderlijke taak aan van de bisschop en in dit geval wellicht de bisschop van Tours, de heilige Sint Maarten die tevens schutspatroon was van de stad Groningen. De hoofdkerk van deze stad is dan ook gewijd aan Sint Maarten. Binnen middeleeuwse kerkrituelen rond de feestdag van Sint-Maarten werd de staf (baculus) van de cantor of clerus soms ceremonieel overgedragen tijdens koorzang of paraliturgische spelen. Het is tamelijk opmerkelijk dat men de afbeelding van de bisschopsstaf ook nog eens woordelijk bevestigd op deze munt.
van der Chijs II, 27var. ; Dannenberg 559var. ; Ilisch 18.3var. ; de Mey 96var.
gebruikelijke zwaktes van de slag
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - BERNOLD, 1027-1054 - Penning z.j. (circa 1046-1054), Deventer
gewicht 1,07gr. ; zilver Ø 19mm.
vz. Borstbeeld van de heilige Lebuïnus met nimbus frontaal,
binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd door een slechts fragmentarisch
leesbare verbasterde tekst: ✠………RS
kz. Kort gevoet kruis met kogels in de hoeken binnen een gladde
cirkel, omringd door een slechts fragmentarisch leesbare verbasterde
tekst: (✠H?)EINRICVS(REX ?)
Geslagen op naam van keizer Hendrik III (1046-1056)
In de laatste jaren van de tiende en de eerste helft van de elfde eeuw werd door de Rooms-Duitse koningen en keizers muntslag uitgeoefend te Deventer. In 1046 eindigde deze vorstelijke muntslag, toen keizer Hendrik III (1046-1056) alle keizerlijke rechten in Overijssel afstond aan de bisschop van Utrecht, daarmee ook het recht van muntslag. De bisschoppelijke muntslag nam vrijwel meteen een aanvang. Dat het muntrecht verkregen was van de keizer, zien we nog steeds door (veelal) de vermelding van zijn naam op de munten. Bij dit type zien we een frontaal borstbeeld met een rond omlijnd hoofd. De tekst die we op de voorzijde aantreffen is wisselend; soms S.LEBVINVS maar meestal BERNOLDVS. De ronde omlijning doet denken aan een nimbus, en daarmee zou het portret van de heilige Lebuïnus bedoeld worden. Op de keerzijde zien we meestal de naam van de bisschop (BERNOLDVS) of van de keizer (HEINRICVS). De teksten zijn zelden correct uitgevoerd doch veelal (sterk) verbasterd.
vgl. van der Chijs pl. XXVII, 2 ; vgl. Dannenberg 571 ; vgl. Ilisch 1.14
Gebruikelijke zwaktes van de slag, waardoor de teksten slechts deels leesbaar zijn.
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - BISDOM UTRECHT - BERNOLD, 1027-1054 - Penning z.j. (circa 1046-1054), Deventer
gewicht 0,95gr. ; zilver Ø 19mm.
munttype geslagen op naam van koning van Hendrik III (1028-1056)
vz. Borstbeeld van de heilige Lebuïnus met nimbus frontaal,
binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd door een verbasterde
en slechts fragmentarisch leesbare tekst
kz.Kort kruis met kogels in de hoeken, binnen een gladde cirkel,
omringd door de tekst; D(Λ)VEN(T)HRH
In de laatste jaren van de tiende en de eerste helft van de elfde eeuw werd door de Rooms-Duitse koningen en keizers muntslag uitgeoefend te Deventer. In 1046 eindigde deze vorstelijke muntslag, toen keizer Hendrik III (1046-1056) alle keizerlijke rechten in Overijssel afstond aan de bisschop van Utrecht, daarmee ook het recht van muntslag. De bisschoppelijke muntslag nam vrijwel meteen een aanvang. Dat het muntrecht verkregen was van de keizer, zien we nog steeds door (veelal) de vermelding van zijn naam op de munten. Bij dit type zien we een frontaal borstbeeld met een rond omlijnd hoofd. De tekst die we op de voorzijde aantreffen is wisselend; soms S.LEBVINVS maar meestal BERNOLDVS. De ronde omlijning doet denken aan een nimbus, en daarmee zou het portret van de heilige Lebuïnus bedoeld worden. Op de keerzijde zien we meestal de naam van de bisschop (BERNOLDVS) of van de keizer (HEINRICVS). De muntplaatsvermelding (DAVENTRIA) op de keerzijde is uitzonderlijk en die exemplaren komen maar heel weinig voor. Zeer zeldzaam.
Gebruikelijke zwaktes van de slag, waardoor de teksten slechts deels leesbaar zijn.
vgl. van der Chijs XXX ; Dannenberg 1884 ; Ilisch 1.16 RR
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NOORDELIJKE NEDERLANDEN (NETHERLANDS) - RIJKSSTAD NIJMEGEN - KOENRAAD II, 1027-1039 - Penning z.j.
gewicht 1,34gr. ; zilver Ø 19mm.
vz. Portret van Koenraad II met diadeem en parelkrans naar rechts,
daarvoor een ✠, binnen een parelcirkel, omringd door de tekst;
✠ CVOHRA(DVS)NM
kz. Verbasterd Coloniagram; S met dwarsbalk / OIOIII / A,
ter weerszijden van de A in kleinschrift; OES - ΓΛSN
Keizer Koenraad II werd rond 990 geboren als zoon van Hendrik van Spiers en Adelheid van Elzas. In 1024 werd hij verkozen tot koning van het Rooms Duitse Rijk, en in 1027 tot keizer. Hij claimde een nazaat te zijn van keizer Karel de Grote. Hij liet in zijn palts te Nijmegen de Nicolaaskapel bouwen,die thans nog steeds te bezichtigen is. Hij overleed op 4 juni 1039 te Utrecht. Zijn ingewanden werden bijgezet in de Dom van Utrecht en waarschijnlijk is ter ere daarvan het bekende kerkenkruis gebouwd (de Domkerk in het centrum en daaromheen de Pieterskerk,de Paulusabdij,de Mariakerk en de Janskerk). Zijn stoffelijk overschot werd bijgezet in de Dom van Spiers.
De keerzijde is een verbastering van het coloniagram en dit munttype is dan ook geslagen naar Keuls voorbeeld. De muntslag in de 10e en 11e eeuw in oostelijk Nederland was zowel wat gewicht als typen betreft sterk verwant aan de muntslag van Keulen. Zowel Nijmegen als Tiel waren in deze tijd actief als koninklijke/keizerlijke muntplaats. Daar Tiel haar eigen kenmerkende muntslag had, is Nijmegen als muntplaats van dit munttype meest waarschijnlijk.
van der Chijs- ; vgl. Dannenberg 356 ; Ilisch 8.19 (JMP.1997/1998) RR
Gebruikelijke zwaktes van de slag.
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FRANCE, KINGDOM - LOUIX IX “THE SAINT”, 1245-1270 - Gros tournois n.d. (circa 1266-1270)
weight 4,11gr. ; silver Ø 25,5mm.
obv. Church building surrounded by the legend; ✠ TVRONV.S•CIVIS
within border of dots, surrounded by twelve double-lined arches
with lily inside
rev. Short cross patteé within dotted circle, surrounded by the
legend: ✠LVDOVICVS•REX within dotted circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✠BNDICTV⋮SIT⋮NOMЄ⋮DNI⋮NRI⋮DЄI⋮IhV.·XPI
The expanding medieval economy relied heavily on small, lightweight deniers (pennies). Counting thousands of tiny pennies for substantial business transactions was incredibly slow and inefficient. For this reason a heavy silver coin, the ″gros tournois″ was introduced on 24 July by King Louis IX (Saint Louis) of France. The idea was conceived after Louis IX returned from the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254). Historians note he was heavily inspired by the higher-value silver currencies used in the Eastern Mediterranean and the booming Italian city-states (like the Venetian grosso).
The gros tournois was a "large penny" weighing about 4.22 grams of high-purity silver. It was worth exactly 12 deniers (equivalent to one sou), allowing merchants to conduct high-value domestic and international trade much more efficiently. By issuing a heavy, stable, and highly pure silver coin (95.8% fineness), he provided a reliable benchmark currency that countered local inflation and attracted foreign commerce. France was fragmented into many feudal entities, many of which minted their own weaker currencies, undermining royal authority. Louis IX used the currency reform to unify the kingdom. An accompanying royal ordinance mandated the use of this currency for all royal payments, helping the monarchy assert fiscal control and supplant local feudal issues. The introduction of the gros tournois proved to be a great international success as well. The gros tournois soon was widely imitated by foreign states throughout Europe, like the Low Countries and Germany.
The twelve fleurs-de-lis on the reverse refer to this value. It was made of high-grade silver. The prototype emerged from wrought-iron dies by the moneyers of the beloved Louis IX, warrior king and hero of the Seventh Crusade. The design features the castle of Tours surrounded by a circlet of fleurs-de-lis on the obverse and an ornate cross and ″Ludovicus Rex″ (″King Louis″) on the reverse. A pious legend read ″Benedictus Sit Nomen Domini Dei Jesus Christi″ (″Blessed Be the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ″). For a name, the king reshuffled the roman denarius grossus into gros tournois, which acknowledged the outline of Louis intended the coin to be royal money to serve his entire realm, as opposed to local coins that served town and districts only.
The stylistically depicted building on the obverse is consistently referred to as the "Castle of Tours" in numismatic literature and is generally considered the reverse of the coin. I doubt this. Medieval thinking would have been more inclined to endow coins with Christian symbolism. Therefore, I believe it′s more plausible that the Romanesque cathedral of Tours or the Abbey of Tours is depicted here and not the castle of Tours. A central building with a saddle roof flanked by two towers was characteristic of the architectural style of churches at that time. Naturally, we should therefore consider this prominent Christian image the obverse of the coin. The "secular" King Louis IX is subordinate to it and is therefore mentioned in the text on the reverse.
cf. Duplessy 190D ;cf. Ciani 181 ; cf. Lafaurie 198c ; cf. Roberts 2451 ;
cf. Mayhew, Gros tournois in the Haarlo hoard, page 339, no.1 (plate28,1) ;
de Mey 28 R
Attractive example with appealing toning. Rare.
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OTACILIA SEVERA, wife of Philippus I Arabs - AE Sestertius, Rome (244-245)
weight 21,55gr. ; bronze Ø 31mm.
obv. Diademed and draped bust of Otacilia Severa right,
surrounded by the legend; MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG
rev. Pudicitia seated left, drawing veil from face and holding
transverse sceptre, S C in exergue, surrounded by the legend;
PVDICITIA AVG
On the coins of Empress Marcia Otacilia Severa, the personification of Pudicitia (Modesty or Chastity) carried vital political, religious, and dynastic meanings. It was one of her most frequently struck reverse types.
To the Romans, pudicitia was the highest moral ideal for a married woman (matrona). On imperial coinage, the inscription PVDICITIA AVG (Purity of the Empress) signaled that Otacilia Severa was the moral exemplar for all Roman citizens, exhibiting absolute faithfulness and devotion to her husband. Philippus the Arab was a military commander from a non-Italian background who took power under highly disputed circumstances after the death of Gordianus III. By prominently displaying Pudicitia, Otacilia′s coinage manufactured an aura of a traditional, conservative, and stable Roman household. It signaled that despite their provincial roots, the ruling family embodied ancient Roman domestic values.
On these coins, Pudicitia is typically depicted seated, pulling a veil over her face with one hand, and holding a transverse sceptre in the other. While the veil represents traditional modesty, the addition of the sceptre elevates the goddess into an authoritative posture. This legally and visually reinforced Otacilia′s sovereign status as a ruling Augusta, rather than a passive or deferential figure.
Cohen 55 ; RIC 209a ; Sear 6169
attractive dark patina
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OTACILIA SEVERA, wife of Philippus I - Antoninianus, Rome (245-247)
weight 4,39gr. ; silver Ø 23mm.
obv. Diademed and draped bust of Otacilia Severa right on crescent,
surrounded by the legend; M OTACIL SEVERA AVG
rev. Concordia, draped, seated left, holding patera in right hand and double
cornucopiae in left hand, surrounded by the legend; CONCORDIA AVGG
On coins of Empress Otacilia Severa, the goddess Concordia symbolizes harmony between co-rulers, unity within the imperial family, and general societal stability. The specific inscription CONCORDIA AVGG stands for Concordia Duorum Augustorum (the harmony of the two Augusti), referring to Otacilia′s husband, Philippus the Arab, and their young son, Philippus II, who shared the imperial throne.
Cohen 4 ; RIC 125c ; Hunter 4 ; Sear 9147
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