LOT: 176 various unsorted world coins, mainly from the period 1900-1980.
Mainly in base metal, but also a few silver.
Various qualities. Sold as is. No returns.
SURPRISE LOT. NO PHOTOS AVAILABLE !

weight 1,02gr. ; gold Ø 11,5mm.

obv. Small circle with dots with pellet inside,
surrounded by pseudo-kufic legend;
rev. Long cross dividing IC - XC /  NI - KA within circle,
surrounded by pseudo-kufic legend

The legend IC - XC /  NI - KA stands for Iesus Christos Nikator,
which can be translated as ′Jesus Christ conquers′.

The island of Sicily first came under Muslim rule in AD 827. In the tenth century it came under the sway of the North African Aghlabid dynasty, and then the Fatimids in 909 who installed the Kalbid emirs to rule it as governors (948-1053).

By 999, Norman adventurers had arrived in southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics, where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. As mercenaries they fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, sometimes fighting for the Byzantines and sometimes against them, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.

Arab domination of the island ended following the conquest of Sicily by the Normans in 1091, and the establishment of the Norman kingdom. However, the Arabs were encouraged to remain, and many artisans and craftsmen did so. The resulting blend of Arab and Norman styles is evident, particularly in the architecture of the capital, Palermo. Sicily also became an important centre for the diffusion of Islamic culture into Europe.

The Norman king of Sicily, Roger II (reigned 1130-54) struck gold coins known as tari (from the Arabic meaning ′pure′) based on the earlier Fatimid quarter dinars. The Islamic Hijra date (AH) was maintained and the legends are both in Latin and Arabic.

Roger I ruled the County of Sicily at the time of the birth of his youngest son, Roger II, at Mileto, Calabria, in 1095. When Roger I died in 1101, his young son Simon became count, with his mother Adelaide del Vasto as regent. Simon died four years later in 1105 at the age of 12. Adelaide continued as regent to her younger son Roger, who was nine.

Upon the death in 1105 of his elder brother, Simon of Hauteville, Roger inherited the County of Sicily under the regency of his mother, Adelaide del Vasto, and his brother-in-law, Robert of Burgundy (d. 1112), son of Robert the Old. His mother was assisted by such notables as Christodulus, the Greek emir of Palermo. In 1109, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos bestowed upon him the title of protonobilissimos in recognition of his knowledge of the Byzantine court. In the summer of 1110, Roger was visited by the Norwegian king Sigurd the Crusader, who was on his way to Jerusalem. The story in Icelandic sources suggests that Sigurd called Roger the king of Sicily twenty years before the latter actually obtained this title.

Roger II ″the Great″ was a brilliant statesman who united the Norman territories in southern Italy into a powerful, centralized realm. In 1127 he became Duke of Apulia and Calabria. Renowned for his intellectual curiosity, he forged a remarkably cosmopolitan court that merged Greek, Arab, and Latin cultures. On the death of Pope Honorius in February 1130 there were two claimants to the papal throne. Roger supported Antipope Anacletus II against Innocent II.  The reward was a crown, and, on 27 September 1130, Anacletus′ papal bull made Roger the first King of Sicily. He was crowned in Palermo on Christmas Day 1130.

He built a formidable navy. His conquests reached across the Mediterranean to establish in 1148 the short-lived "Kingdom of Africa" in coastal Tunisia and to seize the island of Corfu. Roger died at Palermo on 26 February 1154 and was buried in the Cathedral of Palermo. He was succeeded by his fourth son, William.

♦ very interesting historical gold coin of Sicily ♦

MEC 201 ; Spahr 1976, no.69 ; cf. Travaini 1995a, no.217 ;
Friedberg 877 ; MIR (Varesi) 22 and 431 ; Biaggi 1220
vf

weight 2,62gr. ; gold Ø 11mm.

obv. Pseudo-cufic legend around circle with 4 pellets inside
rev. Cross dividing IC - XC /  HI- IA

The legend IC - XC /  NI - KA stands for Iesus Christos Nikator,
which can be translated as ′Jesus Christ conquers′.

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, born in 1194, was a significant figure in medieval European history, serving as the Holy Roman Emperor and king of Sicily. His early life was marked by political turbulence, as he was crowned king of Germany at the age of two and later became king of Sicily at the behest of his mother. Frederick′s reign was characterized by complex interactions with the papacy, particularly with popes like Innocent III and Gregory IX, as he sought to consolidate his power while engaging in crusades. He famously negotiated the peaceful acquisition of Jerusalem, earning the title King of Jerusalem, but faced ongoing challenges from both the church and rebellious nobles.

Despite early successes in reforming the administration of Sicily and promoting economic growth, Frederick struggled to maintain control over northern Italy and the German princes, who increasingly asserted their independence. His later years were filled with conflicts, including military defeats against the Lombard League and growing discontent among his own supporters. Frederick′s death in 1250 marked a turning point, leading to the decline of both the Hohenstaufen dynasty and the central authority of the Holy Roman Empire, which struggled to maintain cohesion in the face of rising regional powers. His legacy is complex, with many of his administrative reforms ultimately failing to endure beyond his reign.

variant: normally we see 6 pellets on the obverse,
with NI - KA on the reverse. Very rare as such.

cf. MEC 521-526 ;  cf. MIR (Varesi) 69 ; cf. Spahr 85 ;
cf. Biaggi - (cf. 1240 = 1,40gr.) ; cf. D′Andrea 135 ;
cf. Friedberg 647 and 647a RR
vf

weight 0,99gr. ; gold Ø 12mm.

obv. Four line inscription within concentric inner circles,
additional inscription surrounding.
rev. Three line inscription within concentric inner circles,
additional inscription surrounding.

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (985–1021), born on 13 August 985 at Cairo, was the sixth Fatimid Caliph and the 16th Ismaili Imam, ruling from 996 to 1021. The Fatimid dynasty ruled from 909 to 1171 over North Africa, Sicily, Egypt and Syria. Ascending to the throne at age 11, his highly polarizing 25-year reign featured extreme acts of both radical intolerance (like ordering the 1009 destruction of the Holy Sepulchre) and profound patronage of scholarship, highlighted by his establishment of the Dar al-Ilm (Academy of Knowledge) in 1005.

Toward the latter part of his reign, Ismaili missionaries began preaching that Al-Hakim was a manifestation of the divine. This theological belief evolved into the foundations of the Druze religion, where he is revered as a divine figure whose apparent death was merely an occultation. On the night of 13 February 1021, Al-Hakim rode out on his donkey to the Qarafa cemetery near Cairo and never returned. A massive search party found only his abandoned, blood-stained garments. The mystery of his disappearance remains officially unsolved, leading to centuries of debate over whether he was assassinated by political rivals, including his powerful half-sister, Sitt al-Mulk, or if he abandoned his throne to live as an ascetic.

Born as Arabic gold coin weighing about 1 gram worth about 1/4 of the Arab-Islamic Dinar and initially called ruba′i (literally as "Quartino"). It was introduced in Sicily around 913 by the Fatimids.

Spahr 1, 16 ; MIR (Varesi) 383 ; Biaggi 1760 ;
Friedberg 873
as usual, struck on a short flan
vf

weight 0,91gr. ; gold Ø 14mm.

obv. Three pairs of radially-oriented parallel lines intersecting
symmetrically with each other in a starlike pattern, and with inner
circle wherein each space has a pellet. Cufic character at end of
each line, and circumferential inscription.
rev. Three pairs of radially-oriented parallel lines intersecting
symmetrically with each other in a starlike pattern, and with inner
circle wherein each space has a pellet. Cufic character at end of
each line, and circumferential inscription.

The island of Sicily first came under Muslim rule in AD 827. In the tenth century it came under the sway of the North African Aghlabid dynasty, and then the Fatimids in 909 who installed the Kalbid emirs to rule it as governors (948-1053). By 999, Norman adventurers had arrived in southern Italy. By 1016, they were involved in the complex local politics, where Lombards were fighting against the Byzantine Empire. As mercenaries they fought the enemies of the Italian city-states, sometimes fighting for the Byzantines and sometimes against them, but in the following century they gradually became the rulers of the major polities south of Rome.

Arab domination of the island ended following the conquest of Sicily by the Normans in 1091, and the establishment of the Norman kingdom. However, the Arabs were encouraged to remain, and many artisans and craftsmen did so. The resulting blend of Arab and Norman styles is evident, particularly in the architecture of the capital, Palermo. Sicily also became an important centre for the diffusion of Islamic culture into Europe.

Born as Arabic gold coin weighing about 1 gram worth about 1/4 of the Arab-Islamic Dinar and initially called ruba′i (literally as "Quartino"). It was introduced in Sicily around 913 by the Fatimids. This quarter dinar coin was struck during the reign of the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir (1036-94). It has a characteristic design of radiating lines.

Abu Tamim Ma′add al-Mustansir bi′llah (1029–1094) was the eighth Fatimid Caliph and the eighteenth Ismaili Imam, ruling from 1036 to 1094. The Fatimid dynasty ruled from 909 to 1171 over North Africa, Sicily, Egypt and Syria. His 60-year reign is one of the longest in Islamic history. Though his early decades were marked by wealth and cultural prosperity, his later years suffered from severe famine and political chaos.

Born on 2 July 1029, in Cairo, Ma′add was declared heir at eight months old and succeeded his father, Caliph Ali az-Zahir, in 1036 at just seven years old. During the 1060s, the Fatimid state nearly collapsed due to a combination of low Nile inundations resulting in famine, rampant plague, and heavy plundering by the unpaid Turkish and Sudanese mercenary forces.

To save the crumbling state, al-Mustansir summoned the Armenian general Badr al-Jamali from Acre in 1073. Badr seized effective power, quelled the military anarchy, and restored order, reducing the caliph to a figurehead. Despite the political instability at home, Fatimid da′wa (missionary) activities reached their greatest geographical extent during his era, expanding into regions like Transoxiana and western India. Al-Mustansir′s death in December 1094 triggered a succession dispute that permanently fractured the Ismaili community. Though he had designated his eldest son, Nizar, as his successor, the powerful vizier Al-Afdal placed Nizar′s younger brother, Al-Musta′li, on the throne.

Spahr 1, 41 ; MIR (Varesi) 412 ; Biaggi 1766 ;
Friedberg 875a R
struck with the usual weaknesses
vf-

weight 0,93gr. ; gold Ø 17mm.

obv. Letter R in small central circle, two circular
pseudo-kufic legends surrounding.
rev. Letter D in small central circle, two circular
pseudo-kufic legends surrounding.

Roger Borsa was a Norman duke of Apulia from 1085 to 1111. He was born ca. 1061, son of Robert Guiscard, scion of the House of Hauteville, and his second wife Sigelgaita, sister of the Lombard prince Gisulf of Salerno. His succession to his father′s lands and title in 1085 led to a conflict with his half brother Bohemond de Hauteville.

His nickname, Borsa, which means "purse", came from "his early-ingrained habit of counting and recounting his money. His nickname also distinguished him from his namesake uncle, Count Roger I of Sicily. With his brother Guy and his half brother Bohemond, Roger participated in Robert Guiscard′s capture of Byzantine Corfu, off the coast of Greece, in 1083. At Sigelgaita′s instigation, Robert named Roger Borsa as his heir rather than Bohemond, the son of his Norman first wife; and, when Robert died suddenly in 1085, Roger Borsa succeeded to the dukedom. His position was contested by Bohemond, who revolted and seized part of his father′s territory. The quarrel continued until 1095, when Bohemond left on crusade. Roger Borsa was a weak ruler who, in spite of the support of the pope and of Count Roger, presided over the gradual disintegration of the duchy of Apulia. He died 22 February 1111, at the age of 50, and was buried in the cathedral of Salerno.

♦ a very rare historical coin ♦

cf. NAC, auction 109, lot 1550 (in vf/xf: SFR 3.750 + 20%)

MEC 14, 102 ; Grierson 1977, 239 ; CNI  XVIII, 318, 1 ;
Travaini 1990c, no. 29 ; Biaggi 2265 (R2) ; MIN 85a ;
MIR SIC (Varesi) 554 ; Numista 558732 ; Friedberg 1007
Cappelli 62 RR
partially weakly struck
vf

weight 6,21gr. ; silver Ø 29,5mm.

obv. Crowned,armored mid-length bust of Sigismund facing right, holding
sword over right shoulder, and globus cruciger in left hand, within circle,
surrounded by the legend; SIGIS:III:D:G:REX•POL•M:D:LI•RVS•PRVS•M
Unabridged legend: SIGISMUNDUS III DEI GRATIA REX POLONIAE
MAGNUS DUX LITHUANIAE RUSSIAE PRUSSIA MASOVIAE
Translation: Sigismund III, by God′s grace king of Poland, Grand Duke
of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia and Mazovia

rev. Crowned, quartered arms of Poland-Lithuania with Vasa arms in center,
dividing 16 - 23, within circle, mintmark below shield, surrounded by the
legend; SAM LIV NECNSV − GOT VAN Q HRIR
Unabridged legend: SAMOGITIAE LIVONIAE NEC NON SUECORUM
GOTHORUM VANDALORUMQUE HAEREDITARUS REX
Translation: Of Samogitia, Livonia, and also of the Swedes, Goths,
and Vandals, hereditary King

KM.37 ; Gumowski 1177 ; Kopicki 1279 ; Numista 170608
vf-

gewicht 27,26gr. ; zilver Ø 39mm.
muntmeester: Balthasar van der Voorde
muntteken: burcht

vz. Geharnaste en gehelmde ridder staande naar links, hoofd naar rechts
gewend, sjerp royaal om zich heen geslagen waarvan hij het geluste
uiteinde in zijn rechterhand houdt, het wapenschild van Holland binnen
een geornamenteerde omlijsting voor zich geplaatst, binnen een parelcirkel,
omringd door de tekst; •MO•ARG•PRO•CON – FOE•BELG•ZEL•♖•
kz. Klimmende Hollandse leeuw naar links binnen een parelcirkel,
omringd door de tekst; CONFIDENS•DNO•NON•MOVETVR✤1624✤

Delmonte 839 ; Verkade 88.1 ; HNPM.30 ; 
CNM.2.49.41 ; Davenport 4872 R
Zwaktes van de slag, doch voor type een bijzonder attractief exemplaar.
Zeldzaam jaartal.
zfr/pr à zfr+

weight 19,79gr. ; bronze Ø 30mm.

obv. Laureate head of Antoninus right, surrounded by the legend;
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P COS III
rev. Decastyle temple of Roma, the roof and pediment adorned with  statuary,
S C in exergue, surrounded by the legend; ROMAE AETERNA

The reverse of this coin commemorates the completion in
141 AD of the celebrated double-temple of Venus and Roma.

This architectural marvel is situated on the Velian Hill between the Roman Forum and the Colosseum. The construction started in 121 AD and was designed by Hadrianus himself. Set on a podium measuring 145 metres x 100 metres, the peripteral temple itself measured 110 metres x 53 metres and 31 metres high (counting the statues), the sprawling structure utilized a Greek Hellenistic peristyle with a rare 10-column (decastyle) front facade. It was one of the largest and most splendid sacred buildings in ancient Rome. The temple was unique for its symmetrical double-cella (inner chamber) design. The two chambers of the two sanctuaries were placed back-to-back. One cella was dedicated to Venus Felix (Goddess of Love and ancestor of the Roman people), while the other was dedicated to Roma Aeterna (Goddess/personification of the city of Rome). The statue of Roma faced west toward the Forum, and the statue of Venus faced east toward the Colosseum.

Unimpressed by Hadrianus′ architectural design for the temple, his architect, Apollodorus, made a scornful remark on the size of the seated statues within the cellae, saying that they would surely hurt their heads if they tried to stand up from their thrones. This affront to the imperial dignity seems to have cost him his life ; Apollodorus was banished and executed not long after this.

The entire complex was badly damaged by fire in 307 AD, but was immediately restored by the emperor Maxentius. According to the ancient historian Ammianus Marcellinus, the temple was among the great buildings of Rome which astonished the Emperor Constantius II on his visit to the city in 357. The sanctuary was closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. Restoration was performed under the short-lived usurper Eugenius (392–394), a Christian sympathetic to pagan worship. However, as with many of Rome′s majestic ancient buildings, the temple was later targeted for its rich materials. In 630, with the consent of the Emperor Heraclius, Pope Honorius I removed the gilt-bronze tiles from the roof of the temple for the adornment of St. Peter′s.

A severe earthquake at the beginning of the 9th century is believed to have destroyed the temple. Around 850 Pope Leo IV ordered the building of a new church, Santa Maria Nova, on the ruins of the temple. After a major rebuilding in 1612, this church was renamed Santa Francesca Romana, incorporating Roma′s cella as the belltower. Today, the ruins of the podium and parts of the standing structure can be visited on the Velian Hill.

♦ a rare historical coin ♦

Cohen 699 ; RIC 622 ; BMC 1279 ; Sear 4212 R
f/vf

weight 25,89gr. ; Ø 33mm.

obv. Laureate head left, surrounded by the legend;
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT
rev. S.P.Q.R  /  P. P  /  OB. CIVES  /  SERVATOS in oak-wreath

The legend OB CIVIS SERVATOS ″for having saved the citizens″ refers to Corona Civica, a civic crown of oak-leaf. It was a simple honor, in the Roman tradition, awarded by the senat for rescuing a comrade in battle and was placed over the door of the awarded citizen. This honor is rooted in military tradition. The senate awarded it to Octavian ″ob cives servatos″, for rescuing all his fellow citizens. Additionally, oak is associated with Jupiter. The letters S C (Senato Consulto ; ″by decree of the senat″, is omitted on this coin. Reason was probably to avoid reference to two different decrees of the Senate on the same coin. We see this also on Corono Civica sestertii of Claudius and Caligula′s Carpentum sestertius for his mother, with reverse legend SPQR MEMORIAE AGRIPPINAE.

The reverse type with P(ater) P(atriae) and OB•CIVES SERVATOS shows the honorific bestowed upon the emperor by the Roman senate upon his ascension. These honors aling with the obverse honors of Pon(tifex) M(aximus) and Tr(ibunicias) Pot(estas) run the whole gamut of titles earned by Augustus. Sadly, Caligula would prove to merit none of the honors as his rule, which started with much hope, quickly eroded to the point that he was eventually killed by his own praetorian guard. The portrait style here is highly idealized as was the case with Augustus. Caligula takes on strong god-like qualities on this coin and the delicate engraving is a sign that the new school of Roman engravers started under the rule of Tiberius was still quite capable of executing artistic work.

Rare type. A magnificent portrait with excellent details and an appealing dark patina.
Work of a very skilled master engraver which resulted in incredibly finely detailed dies.

cf. Numismatica Ars Classica, auction 86, lot 101  (in xf : CHF 65.000 + 19%)

Cohen 24 ; RIC 37 ; BMC 38 ; cf. Sear 1801 R
xf-/xf

weight 3,28gr. ; silver Ø 24mm.
Pfandinhaber Philipp der Ältere von Weinsberg.

obv. Full-length facing figure of St. John the Baptist, nimbate,
holding Lamb in his left hand, within reeded circle small shield
of Weinsberg between feet, surrounded by the legend;
MO∘NO∘F - FRANCF′∘I50Z
rev. Imperial orb in pointed trefoil, within reeded circle, surrounded
by the legend; ✠MAXIMILIANVS∘ROMA′∘RЄX

♦ exceptionally well preserved early dated Frankfurt Goldgulden ♦

provenance: Ex Slg. Willy Fuchs, Button, Frankfurt a.M., März 1960.

cf. Joseph & Fellner 136 h ; Schulten 852 ; KM.6 ; Friedberg 941 R
Very attractive specimen with excellent details. Rare.
xf

weight 4,51gr. ; gold 0,9167 ; Ø ca. 20mm.
mintmaster: Juan Vicente Bravo
mintmaster mark: B
With the scutcheon of Portugal.

obv. Crowned composite coat of arms deviding S / B - II,
surrounded by the legend; PHILIP, -  • III • D • G
rev. Cross of Jerusalem, within quatrefoil with leafs terminating inner corners,
four ringlets in outer fields, within dotted circle, surrounded by the legend;
HISPANIARVM • REX • 16(..)

The first escudo was a gold coin introduced in 1535/1537. It succeeded the heavier gold excelente (or ducado, ducat; 3.1 g vs 3.48 g fine gold) as the standard Spanish gold coin. The double escudo (the doubloon) succeeded the doble excelente or double-ducat denomination.

As usual, these coins are roughly manufactured with weaknesses. This specimen has the size of a 1 escudo, but judging by the weight, it must be a 2 escudo piece. With an officially prescribed weight of 6.87 grams, this coin has therefore been significantly clipped.

CLIPPING:
If one kept cutting off the edge of many coins, one could still earn a considerable amount, sometimes hundreds of guilders. Of course, it was important to give the coins in payment to people who could not immediately check the weight, otherwise one would be caught. In principle, those who paid with coins that were too light still had to pay the difference in weight, but that only applied to coins with a small weight deviation. If the difference was too great, the coins were immediately withdrawn from circulation. If one was caught cutting off coins, the punishments were not insignificant. With mutilation (including branding) one got off very lightly. Burning or boiling in a cauldron with water, oil or lead and other gruesome death sentences were the usual final stations for serious offenders.

provenance: This coin was found in Dordrecht (NL) with a metal detector during excavation work.

Calicó 22-24 (old ed.); cf. Calicó 34 (new ed.) ;
cf. Cayón 4986 ; cf. Aureo 1057; KM.48.3 ; Friedberg 189
small crack and some minor scratches, otherwise very attractive for the type
vf/xf

gewicht 17,48gr. ; gegoten zilver verguld Ø 40mm.
draagoog op 12 uur
zilverkeuren RAS / 925 op de rand

vz. Borstbeeld van Philips von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein naar rechts,
omringd door een tekst in twee rijen; •PHILIPP•VON•HOHENLOE•
•VND•H•Z•LANGE•LEV• // GENF•OVER•HOLL•ZEL•VND•
WEST•FRIS:
vertaald: Philips van Hohenlohe en Heer (HZ = Herr zu) van Langenburg.
Generaal over Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland.
kz. Wapenschild van Hohenlohe-Neuenstein gedekt door twee tournooi-
helmen met heltekens en lambrekijns, daaronder 1 • 5 ❀ 9 • 0 • ,
omringd door de tekst;  ❀ EHRE : siertak : GIBT • : ❀ : GOTT siertak
vertaald : Eer geeft God

Philip von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, vrijheer van Langenburg, werd geboren op 17 februari 1550, telg van het huis van Hohenlohe, als zoon van graaf Ludwig Kasimir von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg (1517–1568) en zijn vrouw, gravin Anna zu Solms-Lich (1522–1594). Philip volgde een succesvolle militaire carrière in dienst van het Staatse leger van de Republiek. Sinds 1575 had hij Willem van Oranje gediend, en werd diens luitenant-generaal in Holland. Hohenlohe veroverde in 1576 Geertruidenberg, in 1577 Steenbergen, Tholen en Breda, maakte zich verdienstelijk tijdens het Beleg van Grave (1586) en later onder andere tijdens veroveringen van Helmond (1587), Mengen, en Gennep (1599). Hohenlohe leed echter ook nederlagen, zoals in 1580 op de Hardenbergerheide en De grote schans tegenover Zutphen, die hij in 1584 vergeefs een maand lang belegerde. In 1590 stichtte hij de schans bij ′s-Hertogenbosch die later Fort Crèvecoeur zou worden.

Wegens zijn ervaring bleef hij na de moord op Willem in 1584 op verzoek van de Staten van Holland luitenant-generaal. Maurits was namelijk nog te jong om zijn vader op te volgen. Hohenlohe was een moedig, maar roekeloze aanvoerder. Bovendien was hij drankzuchtig. Nadat Maurits kapitein-generaal werd van de Republiek, werd de verhouding tussen hem en Hohenlohe geleidelijk aan slechter. Maurits vond hem onbetrouwbaar; Hohenlohe kon geen geheimen bewaren. Aan de slechte verhouding heeft echter ook een privé-zaak bijgedragen. Hohenlohe had in 1582 van Willem van Oranje toestemming gekregen om te trouwen met zijn oudste dochter, Maria van Nassau. Het huwelijk had nog niet plaatsgevonden vanwege de financiële situatie van beiden. Er ontstond na de moord onenigheid over de erfenis van Willem van Oranje. De rechtmatige erfgenaam van Willem van Oranje was Filips Willem, maar hij zat gevangen in Spanje. Maria, tweede in lijn, had sinds 1584 het beheer over zijn bezittingen gevoerd, en na de verovering van Breda, onderdeel van de bezittingen, zou Maria eindelijk voldoende financiën verkrijgen om te kunnen trouwen. Hohenlohe zou na het huwelijk met Maria, het beheer over een belangrijk deel van de erfenis van Willem van Oranje overnemen. Maurits was het daar niet mee eens, en in 1591 splitste de Staten-Generaal de bezittingen. Maria van Nassau kreeg alleen de via moederszijde geërfde bezittingen, de Burense goederen (Buren, Leerdam, IJsselstein, Sint Maartensdijk met het verdronken land van Noord-Beveland). Jarenlange juridische strijd leverde niets meer op.

In de jaren 1592 - 94 speelde hij een hoofdrol in een geheim plan om Groningen los te weken uit de Unie van Atrecht, waarnaar de stad was overgelopen bij het Verraad van Rennenberg in 1580. Het was de bedoeling van de complotteurs om de landsheerlijkheid over Groningen op te dragen aan hertog Hendrik Julius van Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel, die vervolgens de graaf van Hohenlohe zou benoemen tot stadhouder. Toen de Staten-Generaal echter lucht kregen van het plan, spraken ze er hun veto over uit. Op 7 februari 1595 huwde hij te Buren met Maria van Nassau (1556-1616), dochter van Willem I van Oranje. Het huwelijk bleef kinderloos, maar kort voor Hohenlohe′s dood adopteerden ze de negenjarige Margrita Maria gravin van Falckenstein. Tijdens de veldtocht van 1597 diende Hohenlohe nog onder Maurits, maar hij raakte na het huwelijk steeds meer geïsoleerd. Maurits stelde hem nauwelijks nog op in zijn leger. Het dieptepunt in de relatie met Maurits was in 1600, toen hij Hohenlohe ontsloeg als luitenant-generaal van Holland en Zeeland. In 1604 werd Hohenlohe ziek en kreeg verlammingsverschijnselen. Hij overleed op 6 maart 1606 te IJsselstein. Na zijn dood werd het lichaam door zijn vrouw naar Öhringen (Baden-Württemberg) gebracht, waar het werd bijgezet in het familiegraf in de Stiftskerk St. Petrus en St. Paulus.

Deze penning is geen origineel uit 1590, maar modern werk uit de 20e eeuw.
This medal is not an original from 1590, but a modern piece from the 20th century.

Prachtexemplaar in hoog reliëf. 
Hoogst interessante historische penning.
pr

length 41mm. ; wide 27mm. ; weight 20,48gr.

The face of the seal is formed by a high church building with three
small towers on the upper side. In the Middle floor we see Mary with
the child Jesus and at the base, we see a kneeling praying monk to the left.
It has the inscription: S. CVSTODIЄ - CIVITATIS

On the reverse side, this seal has a carrying loop,
so that the owner could carry it on a cord or chain.

The Latin phrase ″Civitatis Custodie″ (or Custodia Civitatis) literally means ″guarding of the city″ or ″protection of the city″. The abbreviation ′S′ usually stands for Sanctae (Saint) in a religious or municipal context. It can refer to three different concepts, depending on the context: Medieval city administrations: Historically, this was the term for the special commissions (such as the Otto di Custodia) or city officials charged with safety, public order, and city administration during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, as in ancient Florence or Italy. Religious patron saints: It is often found in historical inscriptions or on seals where a city was placed under the care or protection of a saint (for example, the Virgin Mary).

♦ highly interesting and rare medieval seal matrix ♦

provenance: found in the Netherlands in de 1980′s with a metal detector (near Tiel)

very attractive and completely intact

height 21mm. ; width 19mm. ; bronze ; weight 11,21gr.

Most likely, this is a fragment of the oil lamp lid.

provenance: from a Dutch private collection. 
Found in the southern part of Italy.

Attractive dark patina.

gewicht 1,91gr. ; koper Ø 18mm.
muntmeester: Thomas Jonghelinck
muntteken: hand

vz. Gekroond portret van Karel V naar rechts binnen een gladde cirkel,
omringd door de tekst; CA•D•G•V•IMP•HISP•REX•1547 en hand
kz. Klimmende leeuw naar links binnen een gladde cirkel, binnen
een gekabelde omlijsting

mijt
De mijt, werd in 1337 ingevoerd onder graaf Lodewijk I (1332-1346) van Vlaanderen. Het was de kleinste denominatie binnen het Vlaamse muntstelsel en had een waarde van een ½ penning (1/24 groot of 1/48 stuiver). Het was vervaardigd van zilver van laag gehalte (biljoen). Voorts geslagen tot 1467 en sindsdien nog lang gebruikt als rekeneenheid. In Brabant nagevolgd als Brabantse mijt, ingevoerd onder Jan III (1312- 1355) en voorts aangemunt tot 1474. Aangezien de Brabantse munt zwakker was dan de Vlaamse, gold sedert 1430: 1 Brabantse mijt = 2/3 Vlaamse mijt = 1/76 stuiver Vlaams.

dubbele mijt of korte
Onder de Vlaamse graaf Lodewijk II van Male werd in 1375 ook de muntstuk ingevoerd ter waarde van 2 Vlaamse mijten. In tegenstelling tot (en ter onderscheid van) de enkele mijt hadden deze stukken op de keerzijde geen lang kruis maar een kort kruis. Sindsdien kwamen muntstukken ter waarde van 2 mijten in het betalingsverkeer bekend te staan als korte. Gedurende de Bourgondische dynastie bleef de korte deel uitmaken van het muntstelsel en werd het systematisch aangemunt, steeds met een kort kruis op de keerzijde. Ook onder Karel V werden aanvankelijk stukken van 2 mijt geslagen met een kort kruis. Die traditie liet men in 1543 echter los, met de introductie van een dubbele mijt met het portret van Karel V op de voorzijde en een klimmende leeuw op de keerzijde. Desondanks bleven ook die stukken hun oude benaming van korte behouden.

van Gelder & Hoc 198-1b ; de Witte 694 ; de Mey 452 ;
Vanhoudt, Altas, I 44-45 ; Vanhoudt 234.AN
zwaktes van de slag
fr/zfr à fr+

gewicht 3,41gr. ; goud Ø 26mm.
muntmeester: Thomas Jonghelinck
muntteken: hand

vz. Gekroond wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië geflankeerd
door twee Bourgondische vuurstalen met afspattende vonken binnen
een gladde cirkel, omringd door de tekst;
CARO:D:G:RO:IMP:HISP:REX•DVX•BVRG:Z:BR en zon
kz. Kort kruis met lelies aan de uiteinden en in de hoeken om en om een
burcht en rijksadelaar binnen een gladde cirkel, omringd door de tekst;
DA:MIHI:VIRTVTE:COTRA:HOSTES:TVOS:1545 en hand

De gouden zonnekroon dankt haar naam aan de zon die we recht boven de kroon geplaatst zien. Deze munt was een vrij exacte imitatie van de Franse ecu d′or van Frans I (1515-1547). Het gehalte was gesteld op 929/1000 met een gewicht van 3,41 gram. Bij uitgifte was de munt was gangbaar voor 42 stuivers en het werd in de periode 1540-1555 aangemunt in Brabant, Vlaanderen, Gelre en Holland.

Delmonte 102 ; van Gelder & Hoc 186-1 ; de Witte 664 ;
Vanhoudt 223.AN ; Vanhoudt/Saunders 133 ; Friedberg 62
Bijzonder attractief exemplaar met goede details.
zfr/pr

gewicht 2,87gr. ; goud Ø 23mm.
muntteken hand

vz. Halflang geharnast lichaam van gekroonde Karel V met
zwaard en rijksappel binnen een cirkel, omringd door de tekst;
KAROLVS+D+G′+ROM+IMP+Z+HISPAR′+REX en handje
kz.Wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië rustend op borst
van dubbelkoppige rijksadelaar, binnen een cirkel, omringd door
de tekst; ♔DA+MICHI+VIRTVTE+CONTRA+HOST+TVOS

In 1521 werden als opvolger voor de Philippusgoudgulden een nieuwe reeks aan goudstukken ingevoerd, die aansluiting hadden op het rekenstelsel van die tijd; het pond Vlaams van 6 gulden ofwel 120 stuivers. Deze reeks bestond uit de gouden reaal van 60 stuiver, de halve reaal van 30 stuiver en de 1/3 reaal van 20 stuivers. Deze laatste kennen we ook als de gouden karolusgulden, die tot in de 18e eeuw in gebruik zou blijven als rekeneenheid.

In 1521, a new series of gold coins was introduced as a successor to the Philippus gold guilder, which aligned with the system of account of the time: the Flemish pound of 6 guilders, or 120 stuivers. This series consisted of the gold real of 60 stuivers, the half real of 30 stuivers, and the 1/3 real of 20 stuivers. We also know the latter as the gold Carolus guilder, which would remain in use as a unit of account until the 18th century.

De gouden karolusgulden of 1/3 gouden reaal van 20 stuiver werd in 1521 ingevoerd en werd tot 1552 aangemunt. Het werd aangemunt in de gewesten Brabant, Vlaanderen, Holland en Gelre. Naast de gouden karolsgulden werd bij ordonnantie van 22 februari 1543 ook de zilveren karolusgulden ingevoerd. Ook deze werd uitsluitend in de gewesten Brabant, Vlaanderen, Holland en Gelre aangemunt. Ondanks dat de productie van karolusguldens na het aftreden van Karel V in 1555 definitief ten einde kwam, bleef de karolusgulden als rekeneenheid (1 karolusgulden = 20 stuivers) nog lange tijd in gebruik. Zelfs in de 18e eeuw rekende men nog steeds in karolusguldens, ook al kende men de oorspronkelijke stukken al lang niet meer in het betalingsverkeer. Daarbij werd steeds uitgegaan van de oorspronkelijke waarde van 20 stuivers.

The gold Carolus guilder, or 1/3 gold real of 20 stuivers, was introduced in 1521 and minted until 1552. It was minted in the regions of Brabant, Flanders, Holland, and Gelre. In addition to the gold Carolus guilder, the silver Carolus guilder was also introduced by ordinance of 22 February 1543. This, too, was minted exclusively in the regions of Brabant, Flanders, Holland, and Gelre. Although the production of Carolus guilders came to a definitive end after the abdication of Charles V in 1555, the Carolus guilder remained in use as a unit of account (1 Carolus guilder = 20 stuivers) for a long time. Even in the 18th century, calculations were still made in Carolus guilders, even though the original coins had long since ceased to exist in circulation. This was always based on the original value of 20 stuivers.

Attractief exemplaar met goede details en een
prachtige afbeelding van de jonge Karel V.
Zeldzaam in deze mooie staat van bewaring.

Delmonte 101 ; van Gelder & Hoc 185-1a ; 
de Witte 662 ; Friedberg 63a ; Vanhoudt I, 27 R
minieme zwaktes van de slag
pr- à zfr/pr

gewicht 3,45gr. ; goud Ø 24mm.
muntteken handje

vz. Gekroond wapenschild met de dubbelkoppige rijksadelaar rustend 
op een gebloemd kruis binnen een parelcirkel, omringd door de tekst; 
KAROL - D′‡G′‡RO′ - IMP′‡Z‡HI - SP′‡REX en handje
kz. Gekroond wapen van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië, verdeeld in zestien
kwartieren, binnen een parelcirkel, omringd door de tekst;
DA‡MICHI‡VIRTVTE′‡CONTRA‡HOSTES‡TVOS en kroontje

In 1521 werden als opvolger voor de Philippusgoudgulden een nieuwe reeks aan goudstukken ingevoerd, die aansluiting hadden op het rekenstelsel van die tijd; het pond Vlaams van 6 gulden ofwel 120 stuivers. Deze reeks bestond uit de gouden reaal van 60 stuiver, de halve reaal van 30 stuiver en de 1/3 reaal van 20 stuivers. Deze laatste kennen we ook als de gouden karolusgulden, die tot in de 18e eeuw in gebruik zou blijven als rekeneenheid.

In 1521, a new series of gold coins was introduced as a successor to the Philippus gold guilder, which aligned with the system of account of the time: the Flemish pound of 6 guilders, or 120 stuivers. This series consisted of the gold real of 60 stuivers, the half real of 30 stuivers, and the 1/3 real of 20 stuivers. We also know the latter as the gold Carolus guilder, which would remain in use as a unit of account until the 18th century.

Delmonte 99 ; van Gelder & Hoc 184-1a ; de Witte 660 ; Friedberg 60 ;
van der Chijs XXIV, 3 ; Vanhoudt 221.AN ; Vanhoudt/Saunders 129
kleine zwaktes van de slag, doch voor type een net exemplaar
zfr

gewicht 5,27gr. ; goud Ø 27mm.
muntteken hand

vz. Halflang geharnast lichaam van een jeugdige Karel V naar rechts.
geheven zwaard in zijn rechterhand, de rijksappel in de linker hand,
binnen een parelcirkel, omringd door de tekst;
+ KAROLVS‡D′‡G′‡ROM′‡IMPE′‡Z‡HISPA′‡REX en handje +
kz.Wapenschild van Oostenrijk-Bourgondië rustend op borst van de
dubbelkoppige rijksadelaar binnen een parelcirkel, omringd door de
tekst; DA‡MICHI‡VIRTVT′‡CONTR′‡HOSTES‡TVOS en kroontje

Het betreft hier de vroege emissie met interpunctie dubbele kruisjes.

In 1521 werden als opvolger voor de Philippusgoudgulden een nieuwe reeks aan goudstukken ingevoerd, die aansluiting hadden op het rekenstelsel van die tijd; het pond Vlaams van 6 gulden ofwel 120 stuivers. Deze reeks bestond uit de gouden reaal van 60 stuiver, de halve reaal van 30 stuiver en de 1/3 reaal van 20 stuivers. Deze laatste kennen we ook als de gouden karolusgulden, die tot in de 18e eeuw in gebruik zou blijven als rekeneenheid.

In 1521, a new series of gold coins was introduced as a successor to the Philippus goldguilder, which aligned with the system of account of the time: the Flemish pound of 6 guilders, or 120 stuivers. This series consisted of the gold real of 60 stuivers, the half real of 30 stuivers, and the 1/3 real of 20 stuivers. We also know the latter as the gold Carolus guilder, which would remain in use as a unit of account until the 18th century.

vgl. Veiling Künker 420, Lot 1070 (in pr: € 20.000 incl. opgeld)

Miniem krasje, overigens attractief exemplaar met
een goed portret van de jonge Karel V. Zeldzaam.

Delmonte 97 ; van Gelder & Hoc 183-1a ; vgl. RBN.1882,p.507 ;
de Witte 659 ; Vanhoudt 220.AN ; van der Chijs XXIV,1 ;
Vanhoudt/Saunders 128 ; Friedberg 63 R
zfr/zfr+

weight 1,55gr. ; silver Ø 13mm.

obv. Facing lion′s scalp
rev. Triskeles, arrow and Lycian legend;
M - E↓ - X (= METH for Methrapata) around, within incuse square

Mithrapata was dynast of Lycia in the early 4th century BC, at a time when this part of Anatolia was subject to the Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire. Present-day knowledge of Lycia in the period of classical antiquity comes mostly from archaeology, in which this region is unusually rich. Believed to have been based at Antiphellus, Mithrapata is known to have competed for power with another man named Arttumpara.

The name of Mithrapata, which is of Persian origin, is known from Lycian coins and also from inscriptions. During the fifth and fourth centuries BC, the Lycian nobility was using Persian names, so Mithrapata may have been one of them. However, it has also been suggested that he may have been a Persian sent to rule Lycia by Artaxerxes II. Together with Pericles, Mithrapata was the last ruler of Lycia to issue coins.

After about 360 BC, the region of Lycia was taken over by the Carian dynast Mausolus. As with Pericles, the portrait of Mithrapata seen on his coins does not show him wearing the head-dress of an Achaemenid satrap, which suggests a degree of independence from the Achaemenid Empire. His name appears in the Greek alphabet as "Methrapata".

BMC- (cf. 138) ; SNG.von Aulock 4256var. ; SNG.Copenhagen- ;
Slg. Dr. Maag 781-788 (Perus Nachf., Auktion 407) ;
Slg. Dr. Sayar 221 (Künker, Auktion 402) ; Müseler VI, 86 ;  
cf. Babelon, Traité, 456 (Pl. CII,27) ; Vismara - R
vf-/vf

weight 1,46gr. ; silver Ø 14,5mm.

obv. Facing lion′s scalp
rev. Triskeles, ARUWÃ-TIJ-ESI (in Lycian) around,
Z (in Lycian [= Zagaba (or Zemuri?)]) in one section; all within incuse square.

It is believed that the city of Zagaba may be the same as the Greek named city of Apollonia. In the third century BC it formed a union with the cities of Aperlai, Simena and Isinda. On the hilltop of the settlement hill a castle was already built at the time of the first settlement. It only seems to have regained its importance in the Roman Empire. This is also supported by the fact that during this time Apollonia was the site of large imperial buildings such as the theatre, the three-room spa and a monumental heroon.

BMC- ; SNG.Copenhagen- ; SNG.von Aulock- (cf. 4205 = obol) ;
Vismara- (cf. 192) ; Babelon, Traité II/2, 436 ; Müseler / Nollé VIII, 4 ;
Slg. Dr. Maag 775 (Peus Nachf. Auktion 407) ; Müseler VII, 61 ;
Slg. Dr. Sayar 210 (Künker, Auktion 402) R
Obverse struck with worn dies, the reverse in very fine. Rare.
f/vf

weight 3,49gr. ; nickel Ø 20mm.
KM.49; Jaeger 324 ; AKS.40
xf-

weight 3,58gr. ; nickel Ø 20mm.
KM.49; Jaeger 324 ; AKS.40
some minor spots
vf+

weight 3,49gr. ; nickel Ø 20mm.
KM.49; Jaeger 324 ; AKS.40
vf /vf+

weight 3,52gr. ; nickel Ø 20mm.
KM.49; Jaeger 324 ; AKS.40
xf